Análise da produção científica nacional sobre o trabalho da enfermeira (1988-2014)

Abstract

RESUMO O estudo visa analisar a produção científica sobre o trabalho da enfermeira no Brasil, no período de 1988 a 2014. A base de dados utilizada foi a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Selecionaram-se 222 artigos, caracterizados segundo o ano de publicação, perió-dico, abordagem teórico-metodológica e área temática, buscando-se identificar mudanças no trabalho da enfermeira. Os resultados apontam a introdução de novos conhecimentos e tecnologias, com perda de autonomia, bem como deterioração das relações interpessoais, sofrimento e sobrecarga de trabalho. Discute-se a possível correlação desses processos com as mudanças na organização e gestão dos sistemas de saúde no Brasil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Trabalho. Cuidados em enfermagem. Enfermeiras e enfermeiros.ABSTRACT The study aims to analyze the scientific production on the work of nurse in Brazil, from 1988Brazil, from to 2014 . The database used was the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). We selected 222 articles, characterized by the year of publication, journal, theoretical-methodological approach and thematic area, seeking to identify changes in the work of the nurse. The results point to the introduction of new knowledges and technologies, with loss of autonomy, as well as deterioration of interpersonal relationships, suffering and work overload. It discusses the possible correlation of such processes with the changes in the organization and management of health systems in Brazil.KEYWORDS Work. Nursing care. Nurses. SAÚDE DEBATE 630Análise da produção científica nacional sobre o trabalho da enfermeira Analysis of the national scientific production on the work of nurses Análise da produção científica nacional sobre o trabalho da enfermeira 631 IntroduçãoO processo de trabalho em saúde é um dos temas que têm merecido a atenção dos pesquisadores do campo da saúde coletiva desde os seus primórdios, nos anos 70 do século passado (DONNANGELO, 1975;MENDES-GONÇALVES, 1994). Uma revisão recente (PINTO ET AL., 2013) dos estudos que abordam esse tema aponta a multiplicidade de objetos e de abordagens, que incluem desde estudos sobre mercado de trabalho e práticas profissionais até estudos sobre gestão do trabalho e educação na saúde. Embora abrangente, a revisão assinalada não se detém em analisar a produção científica sobre o trabalho das diversas categorias profissionais, o que aponta a possibilidade de realização de estudos específi-cos que deem conta das mudanças que vêm ocorrendo no âmbito das diversas práticas, em função da reorganização dos sistemas de saúde no Brasil (PAIM, 2008;PAIM ET AL., 2011).O trabalho da enfermeira como parte integrante da produção de serviços de saúde tem sido objeto de análise, dado ao contingente expressivo desses profissionais (MACHADO, 2015). Os estudos pioneiros nessa área (MELO, 1986;SILVA, 1987;PIRES, 1989; ROCHA, 1997) buscaram caracterizar o trabalho da enfermeira, consoante a divisão técnica e social do trabalho em saúde, especificando o lugar da enfermeira no modo de organização tecnológica ...

The (re)construction of own identity in nurses’ work in Brazil: exploratory study

“…Judging by the results obtained in this study, the nurses' professional career is dynamic and follows, to a certain extent, the process of reorganization of health systems in Brazil in recent decades, marked by advances and setbacks in the construction of SUS, while expanding the private service network (7,15) .…”

“…The findings of this study indicate that the possibility of employability largely determined nurses' professional choice. This aspect was fundamental for the professional choice in both groups, as the interviewees aspired to a professionalization that provided the development of their potentialities, which seems to break, in a way, with references from the sexist stereotype (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . In this sense, the identity of oneself as "servile" and "devoted" pointed out by other studies (11)(12) , which analyzed the reasons for professional choice for nursing, was not expressed in both groups analyzed.…”

“…It is noteworthy that these specializations were to the hospital area and, only more recently, began to include primary care. This fact derives from the very organizational dynamics of the Brazilian health system, which has been undergoing a reform process that contemplates the expansion of the basic service network (7,13) . The fact that there are only two female interviewees in the health services who have stricto sensu postgraduate training may be associated with the respective career plans of the institutions to which they joined, which favor the other levels of training for functional progression.…”

“…The contemporary transformations driven by the economic and social context have been influencing the nurse's work, both in the technical and scientific aspects, notably with the expansion of knowledge and new technological apparatuses, as well as in the organizational aspects, mediated by the impositions derived from the economic, political and social structure and ideological health services, over time, considering the increase in available positions and the integration of nurses in this labor market (7) .…”

The impact of work on the health of nursing professionals

“…The organization of health services was also influenced by changes in the labor market. The demand for the provided care quality in nursing often without the necessary conditions for its performance, has led to an increase in occupational injuries, more frequently musculoskeletal disorders, anxiety disorders and depressive episodes (4) , which has repercussions on the determinants of the health-disease process in the form of high levels of stress, high levels of dissatisfaction and intention to leave the profession (2)(3)5) .…”