Produção de mudas de pessegueiro via enxertia de gema ativa e dormente em sistema de cultivo sem solo

Abstract

plant production of peach tree GraftinG via active and dormant Bud in GrowinG sYstem without soil aBstract -One of the deficiencies observed in peach production in Brazil is undoubtedly the need for new technologies in the production of seedlings. The quality of plants and the time for its formation is the base of the success of the orchard and fruit farm. The production of peach seedlings by cuttings has been used commercially in some countries, with the main advantages the ease of implementation, low cost and speed of plants production. For the foregoing objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of the grafted cultivar Maciel yolk through active and dormant bud on rootstocks and clones developed in soilless system. The study was conducted in a greenhouse conditions and a greenhouse located in the Didactic and Experimental Field, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel of Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel / RS), from March 2010 to May 2011 and November 2010 to November 2011. The plant material were cuttings of peach cultivars Okinawa and Flordaguard after transplanted into the semihydroponic system, with appropriate diameter bubbles were grafted active and dormant bud from cultivar Maciel according to season. In the rootstocks 'Okinawa' and 'Flordaguard' behavior was similar in relation to the fixation index when grafted blisters of 'Maciel' active bud, whereas with the dormant bud index of fixation was lower in the rootstock 'Okinawa'. The seedlings from the grafting of active bud reached the length for commercially ready seedlings faster. The seedlings from the grafting of dormant bud had higher number of lateral shoots.

‘Maciel’ peach tree development grafted on ‘Flordaguard’ clonal rootstock in different periods

“…Works carried out with peach tree rootstock seedlings production grafted on active and dormant buds showed significant reduction in seedlings collection time, of approximately 12 months. This time reduction was due to their clonal origin and mini-cuttings propagation (Tomaz et al, 2014), and the period normally observed, and verified in various works, is of approximately 14 to 15 months, in rootstock seedlings, when propagated by seeds, under Southern region conditions, according to Fachinello et al (2005) and Chalfun and Hoffmann (1997). Therefore, it is important to follow the behavior of these plants in the field, to verify any that could favor or limit their development.…”

“…Among the rootstocks used in the South, the 'Flordaguard', which is a hybrid of P. persica x P. davidiana obtained in Florida, whose need in the cold is of approximately 300 hours, becomes an interesting option for years with climate variations. It is also resistant to root knots nematodes such as Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. floridensis, and shows good adaptation to the soils in the Pelotas, RS region (Ferguson and Chaparro 2007;Timm et al, 2015;Tomaz et al, 2014).…”

Propagação vegetativa de porta-enxertos e enxertia da ameixeira ‘Irati’ em estacas herbáceas recém-enraizadas

“…The difference in grafting success obtained by NACHTIGAL (1999), SILVA et al (2014), and TOMAZ et al (2014 may be related to environmental conditions, such as temperature and photoperiod, which are responsible for inducing dormancy in Prunus (HEIDE 2008). The decrease in temperatures and photoperiod induces physiological changes, such as an increase in ABA synthesis and a decrease in endogenous gibberellins (LANG et al 1987, ZHANG et al 2018.…”

Growth and nutrient accumulation in three peach rootstocks until the grafting stage

“…One promising alternative, already used in the southeast of the country to reduce the time spent on producing grafted peach seedlings, is the adoption of protected cultivation. This allows the optimum conditions for initial rootstock growth to be maintained, bringing the grafting period forward and reducing the production costs of keeping the seedlings in the nursery (Fachinello et al, 2011;Tomaz et al, 2014).…”