Crop yield can be raised by establishment of adequate plant stand using seeds with high germination ratio and vigor. Various pre-sowing treatments are adopted to achieve this objective. One of these approaches is the exposure of seeds to a low-to-medium level magnetic field (MF), in pulsed and continuous modes, as they have shown positive results in a number of crop seeds. On the basis of the sensitivity of plants to MF, different types of MF have been used for magnetopriming studies, such as weak static homogeneous magnetic fields (0–100 μT, including GMF), strong homogeneous magnetic fields (milliTesla to Tesla), and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields of low-to-moderate (several hundred μT) magnetic flux densities. The agronomic application of MFs in plants has shown potential in altering conventional plant production systems; increasing mean germination rates, and root and shoot growth; having high productivity; increasing photosynthetic pigment content; and intensifying cell division, as well as water and nutrient uptake. Furthermore, different studies suggest that MFs prevent the large injuries produced/inflicted by diseases and pests on agricultural crops and other economically important plants and assist in reducing the oxidative damage in plants caused by stress situations. An improved understanding of the interactions between the MF and the plant responses could revolutionize crop production through increased resistance to disease and stress conditions, as well as the superiority of nutrient and water utilization, resulting in the improvement of crop yield. In this review, we summarize the potential applications of MF and the key processes involved in agronomic applications. Furthermore, in order to ensure both the safe usage and acceptance of this new opportunity, the adverse effects are also discussed.
It was aimed through this work to evaluate the genetic divergence among four provenances of bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Benth.) belonging to the state of Santa Catarina, namely: Abelardo Luz (AB), Chapadão do Lageado (CL), Lages (PB) and Três Barras (TB) by means of multivariate analyses, they are the principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering based on the Euclidian distance. Seeds of 40 mother trees, ten from each site, were evaluated as to the biometric aspects of seeds and variables coming from germination test. The traits which contributed for the most toward divergence among the provenances were the length and breadth of seeds, % of normal seedlings, % of germination and germination velocity index. Genetic divergence among the provenances was found and separated into two groups. The cross between the superior individuals of the provenances Abelardo Luz and with the superior individuals from the provenances of group I (CL and PB) are the most promising for future genetic breeding programs.Key words: bracatinga; clustering analysis; multivariate analysis; principal components analysis Divergência genética entre procedências de Mimosa scabrella Benth. com base em análise de sementes RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a divergência genética entre quatro procedências de bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Benth.) pertencentes ao estado de Santa Catarina, sendo elas: Abelardo Luz (AB), Chapadão do Lageado (CL), Lages (PB) e Três Barras (TB), por meio de análises multivariadas, sendo elas a técnica de componentes principais e agrupamento hierárquico, baseado na distância euclidiana. Sementes de 40 matrizes, 10 de cada local, foram avaliadas quanto aos aspectos biométricos de sementes e variáveis oriundas do teste de germinação. Os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a divergência entre as procedências foram o comprimento e largura de sementes, % de plântulas normais, % de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação. Constatou-se divergência genética entre as procedências, e foi possível separá-las em dois grupos. O cruzamento entre os indivíduos superiores das procedências Abelardo Luz e / ou com os indivíduos superiores das origens do grupo I (CL e PB) são os mais promissores para futuros programas de melhoramento genético.Palavras-chave: bracatinga; análise de agrupamento; análise multivariada; análise dos componentes principais
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of nutrient uptake, accumulation, distribution and use, and its relationship with growth variables, chlorophyll content, and root and shoot dry-weight partitioning in the ‘Okinawa Roxo’ peach rootstock, submitted to different nutrient solutions and substrates. The experimental design was completely randomised, with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were T1: Ns1 = Souza et al. nutrient solution (2011), applied to a sand substrate; T2: Ns2 = Hoagland and Arnon (1950), applied to a sand substrate; T3: Commercial Substrate + H2O; and T4: Control, Sand + H2O. Ninety days after transplanting (DAT), morphological, physiological and nutritional parameters were determined in the ‘Okinawa Roxo’ rootstock, together with the correlation between nitrogen concentration and nitrogen balance index, and the chlorophyll content and index. The greatest zinc content was detected in the shoots of the ‘Okinawa Roxo’ plants, at more than 80% of the accumulated total. Treatments T1 and T2 (nutrient solutions Ns1 and Ns2 respectively) made it possible to obtain ‘Okinawa Roxo’ plants with the best morphophysiological characteristics, being ready for grafting three months after transplanting in a greenhouse. The use of the Ns1 nutrient solution resulted in greater efficiency in the uptake and use of the nutrients nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and iron (Fe). The N and Total Chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves of the red-leaved peach tree can be estimated indirectly with a chlorophyll meter, and are an accurate indication of the nutritional status of the plant in relation to nitrogen content.
Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar parâmetros e valores genéticos para os caracteres diâmetro do coleto e altura de progênies de bracatinga em fase inicial de desenvolvimento. As sementes foram coletadas de 40 matrizes nativas nos municípios de Abelardo Luz, Chapadão do Lageado, Lages e Três Barras, SC. O teste de progênie foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, em Lages, visando à seleção de materiais genéticos adaptados ao local. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quarenta tratamentos (progênies), 30 repetições e dez plantas por parcela em linhas simples. Aos 12 meses de idade, foram avaliados os caracteres: diâmetro do coleto e altura total dos indivíduos. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre procedências e progênies. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade em nível de indivíduo e de média de progênies, assim como os coeficientes de variação genética foram altos, para os dois caracteres avaliados, e os maiores valores foram encontrados para as procedências de Abelardo Luz e Chapadão do Lageado, indicando um forte controle genético na herança destes caracteres e possibilidade de encontrar indivíduos superiores.
©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (3): gmr18345 R.D. Menegatti et al. 2 breeding programs we suggest crosses between the cultivars Flordaguard χ Capdeboscq, Capdeboscq χ Tsukuba 1 and Capdeboscq χ Okinawa, aimed at obtaining improved peach rootstock with superior seed and seedling vigour, together with other characteristics of interest for farmers in southern Brazil.
<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-germination treatments (magneto-priming and immersion of seeds in gibberellic acid solution) on variables associated with germination, emergence and vigor of Passiflora edulis seeds ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo’ cultivar. Seeds were extracted from fruits, washed, immersed for 6 hours in solutions with different GA3 concentrations and later arranged in a circular form in Petri dishes at temperature of 25°C, with and without exposure to magnetic field. Subsequently, analyses associated with the germination and emergency test were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized design, with 3x2 factorial, three GA3 concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and presence/absence of magnetic field (MF), with four replicates of 20 seeds each. Variables germination percentage, germination speed index, mean germination time, percentage of emerged seedlings, emergence speed index, shoot length and root length and seedling dry weight were evaluated. Results indicate that the exposure of passion fruit seeds to MF in an isolated way stimulates seed germination, emergence and vigor, being an alternative to conventional treatments based on chemical substances.</p>
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas, tempo de armazenamento e tratamentos pré-germinativos na quebra de dormência de sementes da leguminosa Mimosa scabrella Benth. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, e as análises de variância foram efetuadas sob o esquema fatorial 2×2×7 (duas temperaturas, dois períodos de armazenamento e sete tratamentos pré-germinativos). A comparação de médias foi feita pelo teste de Scott-knott, a 5% de probabilidade. As temperaturas testadas foram constantes de 25 e 30°C, os períodos de armazenamento foram de zero e oito meses de armazenamento e o tratamento pré-germinativo consistiu em imersão em água a 80°C por períodos de 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 e 18 horas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram maior porcentagem de germinação das sementes de bracatinga na temperatura de 30°C, com tratamento pré-germinativo de imersão em água a 80°C, com posterior permanência durante 3 horas, independente do armazenamento.
The use of controlled-release fertilizers is a promising alternative for supplying nutrients during the initial growth of nursery seedlings. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of different doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on initial growth and nutritional status in seedlings of Anonna cacans Warm. The seeds were originally sown in a seedbed and then, after initial seedling development, were transplanted into polyethylene bags containing a substrate of washed medium sand, to which different doses of CRF had been added before transplanting. The experimental design was completely randomised, with four treatments, five doses of Osmocote® NPK 19-06-10 formulation (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 g L -1 of substrate), with four replications, each replication comprising three seedlings (one in each container).Increases in root-collar diameter and plant height were determined throughout the experimental period (6 months) from data collected every 30 days after transplanting. At the end of the experiment the following were evaluated: height, root-collar diameter, N concentration, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll concentration (a, b and total) and leaf area. Root-collar diameter and height showed a positive linear response to increases in the fertilizer dose. From a 4 g L -1 dose of CRF, the nutrient supply added to the substrate of medium sand optimises the initial phase of plant growth and guarantees the adequate nutritional status of Anonna cacans, and can be suggested as a viable technique for use in forest nurseries, and one which results in efficient use of the input material and avoids fertilizer wastage.
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