Vegetation loss and the 2016 Oropouche fever outbreak in Peru

Romero-Álvarez, Daniel; Escobar, Luis E.

doi:10.1590/0074-02760160415

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since its first description in 1961 in Trinidad and Tobago (5), OROV has caused several outbreaks and sporadic infections in the Brazilian Amazon, particularly in the states of Pará, Amapá, Rondônia, Maranhão, Acre, Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, and Tocantins (6)(7)(8)(9), and evidence suggests the circulation of OROV in other Brazilian states (10). Since the late 1980s, additional cases and outbreaks of OROV have been reported in Panama, Peru (11)(12)(13), and, more recently, Ecuador (14). The virus has been isolated from sloths (Bradypus trydactilus) (3) and marmosets (Callithrix sp.)…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Dynamics of Oropouche Virus in South America

Gutierrez

Wise

Pullan

et al. 2020

J Virol

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The Amazon basin is home to numerous arthropod-borne viral pathogens that cause febrile disease in humans. Among these, Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV) is a relatively understudied member of the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae, that causes periodic outbreaks in human populations in Brazil and other South American countries. Although several studies have described the genetic diversity of the virus, the evolutionary processes that shape the OROV genome remain poorly understood. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the genomic dynamics of OROV that encompasses phylogenetic analysis, evolutionary rate estimates, inference of natural selective pressures, recombination and reassortment, and structural analysis of OROV variants. Our study includes all available published sequences, as well as a set of new OROV genome sequences obtained from patients in Ecuador, representing the first set of genomes from this country. Our results show differing evolutionary processes on the three segments that comprise the viral genome. We infer differing times of the most recent common ancestors of the genome segments and propose that this can be explained by cryptic reassortment. We also present the discovery of previously unobserved putative N-linked glycosylation sites, as well as codons that evolve under positive selection on the viral surface proteins, and discuss the potential role of these features in the evolution of OROV through a combined phylogenetic and structural approach. IMPORTANCE The emergence and reemergence of pathogens such as Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and yellow fever virus have drawn attention toward other cocirculating arboviruses in South America. Oropouche virus (OROV) is a poorly studied pathogen responsible for over a dozen outbreaks since the early 1960s and represents a public health burden to countries such as Brazil, Panama, and Peru. OROV is likely underreported since its symptomatology can be easily confounded with other febrile illnesses (e.g., dengue fever and leptospirosis) and point-of-care testing for the virus is still uncommon. With limited data, there is a need to optimize the information currently available. Analysis of OROV genomes can help us understand how the virus circulates in nature and can reveal the evolutionary forces that shape the genetic diversity of the virus, which has implications for molecular diagnostics and the design of potential vaccines.

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Dynamics of Oropouche Virus in South America

Gutierrez

Wise

Pullan

et al. 2020

J Virol

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“…Age distribution of infected patients (b). Seasonality of infection with OROV and its co-infections (c); the inset shows annual rainfall and average temperature data with its maximum and minimum [31] loss in the study area which could help explain outbreak occurrence [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections in humans caused by OROV are characterized as an acute febrile illness, usually accompanied by headache, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, dizziness, chills, and photophobia [18]. These clinical symptoms are observed in around 60% of patients resembling those of classical arboviral infection and highlighting the importance of laboratory diagnostic test [26]. This non-specific presentation has been also observed in our population where headache, myalgias and arthralgias were among the most common symptoms across DENV, CHIKV, ZIKV and OROV samples, with no differences even in patients with co-infections between these arboviruses [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropouche infection a neglected arbovirus in patients with acute febrile illness from the Peruvian coast

et al. 2020

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Objective: To evaluate the frequency of infection caused by the Oropouche virus (OROV) in 496 patients with acute febrile disease (AFI), whose samples were obtained for the analysis of endemic arboviruses in a previous investigation carried out in 2016. Results: OROV was detected in 26.4% (131/496) of serum samples from patients with AFI. Co-infections with Dengue virus (7.3%), Zika virus (1.8%) and Chikungunya (0.2%) were observed. The most common clinical symptoms reported among the patients with OROV infections were headache 85.5% (112/131), myalgia 80.9% (106/131), arthralgia 72.5% (95/131) and loss of appetite 67.9% (89/131). Headache and myalgia were predominant in all age groups. Both OROV infections and co-infections were more frequent in May, June and July corresponding to the dry season of the region.

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“…Table 1 shows the reports of exportation of the viruses herein as reported to ProMed Mail (https://www.promedmail.org). Currently, understanding the factors of international arbovirus emergence is paramount for reasons such as vector expansion corresponding to climate change, global trade and travel, and increased urbanization and land-use changes such as deforestation [109]. More than likely, these viruses may not have emigrated from the Americas, meaning that populations outside of the Western Hemisphere likely exhibit widespread susceptibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Potential for South American Arboviruses to Spread Beyond the New World

Peña-García

McCracken

Christofferson

2017

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Zika and chikungunya viruses emerged as public health emergencies in the Western Hemisphere where previously they had not been reported on a large scale. Millions were infected as the viruses met with virtually no herd immunity upon emergence. Purpose of the Review We explore the histories of these two recent arbovirus experiences in South America. We then review similarly three endemic South American viruses: yellow fever, Oropouche, and Mayaro viruses. Recent Findings We discuss the commonalities of the transmission systems and the possibility of an atypical emergence, that of New World virus to the Old World. Summary We discuss the avenues for research that would increase preparedness and efficiency of response should a South American arbovirus emerge in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Vegetation loss and the 2016 Oropouche fever outbreak in Peru

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Evolutionary Dynamics of Oropouche Virus in South America

Evolutionary Dynamics of Oropouche Virus in South America

Oropouche infection a neglected arbovirus in patients with acute febrile illness from the Peruvian coast

Examining the Potential for South American Arboviruses to Spread Beyond the New World

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