“…Equally important, research institutes have emerged in Brazil (BRICS Policy Center), South Africa (South African Institute of International Affairs), 23 India (New Observer Foundation), China (Center for BRICS Studies at Fudan University, Shanghai) 24 and Russia (International Organization research group at the Higher School of Economics) that are focussed either solely on the BRICS or where BRICS is a major component of their programs. We can also look forward to more outputs from the cross-fertilization that is now taking place between scholars of the BRICS nations, such as the paper by Peking University's Wang Yong on "China's view" on South Africa's role in the BRICS and G20 (2012), the work of the Brazilian scholar Adriana Abdenur on China and the BRICS bank (2014), the research by Liu Hongsong (2014) at Shanghai International Studies University, on China's "proposing behaviour" in the WTO and the Group of Twenty (G20), and the highly eclectic analysis of the implications of the Chinese development model for the South by the Brazilian scholars Vadell, Ramos and Neves (2014) Council, 2003) and creating a Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) enabling it also to undertake worldwide military operations and civilian missions. In a sense, therefore, under the EU flag "Europe" as such, in close consultation with but independent from its North American allies, is a rising military power, or at least a rising security actor in its own right (Biscop and Coelmont, 2012).…”