No abstract

Compararam-se 18 linhagens de trigo diaplóides obtidas via cultura de anteras de plantas híbridas, em geração F1, e os cultivares Al Res 102/84 e IAC-24, em quatro ensaios instalados em condições de irrigação por aspersão e de sequeiro. Analisaram-se a produção de grãos, outros componentes da produção, características agronômicas e resistência à ferrugem-da-folha. Estudou-se também a tolerância ao alumínio em soluções nutritivas, em condição de laboratório. A linhagem diaplóide 5, provinda do cruzamento IAS-63/ALDAN "S"//GLEN/3/IAC-24, de porte baixo, mostrou resistência ao acamamento e ao agente causal da ferrugem-da-folha e tolerância à toxicidade de alumínio, destacando-se, ainda, quanto à produção de grãos. A linhagem 6 identificou-se como fonte genética de maior número de grãos por espigueta, porte baixo, resistência ao acamamento e à ferrugem-da-folha, e a linhagem 8 apresentou espigas mais compridas e maior número de espiguetas por espiga. Todos os genótipos avaliados, com exceção do cultivar IAC-287 (controle sensível) exibiram elevada tolerância à toxicidade de alumínio.

A crise financeira de 2008 teve impactos significativos no capitalismo global, sendo um de seus reflexos na estrutura da governança global a constituição e evolução do G-20. Neste contexto, o objetivo do artigo é analisar tais mudanças e, em especial, as posições de quatro dos principais atores nas cúpulas do G-20, a saber: Estados Unidos, China, Alemanha e Brasil.Palavras-chave: crise financeira de 2008; G-20; governança econômica global. AbstractThe 2008 financial crisis catalyzed transformations in the global capitalism that predicted the débâcle of the Anglo-American financial power bloc.

Thirty‐six castorbean varieties were surveyed for oil and fatty acid composition, in order to determine variability of these seed compounds. A large variability of seed oil percentage was observed, ranging from 39.6 to 59.5%. Concerning the fatty acids, little variability was observed for ricinoleic acid, which was the most abundant in the oil, ranging from 83.65 to 90.00%. The other fatty acids appeared in small concentrations and showed a small range: 0.87 to 2.35, 0.68 to 1.84, 2.96 to 5.64, 3.19 to 5.98, and 0.34 to 0.91%, for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid, respectively. Non‐significant correlations were observed between fatty acids and seed oil percentage. However, significant correlations were observed among fatty acid concentrations: positive and negative ones. These significant correlations could be associated with the biosynthetic pathways of the fatty acids, which are not fully elucidated. They suggest, however, that selection for a particular fatty acid will tend to increase those positively correlated, and decrease those negative ones. Selection and plant breeding techniques could then be applied to modify the oil content of the castorbean seeds, considering the variability observed. For the fatty acid composition, however, the variability was not large enough to make substantial changes in their concentrations by selection procedures. More varieties should be surveyed to find out if such variability is available.

Caffeine inheritance was investigated in F 2 and BC 1 F 1 generations between Coffea arabica var. Bourbon Vermelho (BV) and Coffea canephora var. Robusta 4x (R4x). The caffeine content of seeds and leaves was determined during 2004 and 2005. Microsatellite loci-markers were used to deduce the meiotic pattern of chromosome pairing of tetraploid interspecific hybrids. Genetic analysis indicated that caffeine content in seeds was quantitatively inherited and controlled by genes with additive effects. The estimates of broad-sense heritability of caffeine content in seeds were high for both generations. In coffee leaves, the caffeine content (BSH) from the same populations showed transgressive segregants with enhanced levels and high BSH. Segregation of loci-markers in BC 1 F 1 populations showed that the ratios of the gametes genotype did not differ significantly from those expected assuming random associations and tetrasomic inheritance. The results confirm the existence of distinct mechanisms controlling the caffeine content in seeds and leaves, the gene exchange between the C. arabica BV and C. canephora R4x genomes and favorable conditions for improving caffeine content in this coffee population.

Palavras-chave:Triticum aestivum L., linhagens diaplóides, características agronômicas, resistência às doenças, tolerância ao alumínio. ABSTRACT PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT DIHAPLOID LINES AT TWO LOCATIONS OF THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZILTwenty wheat genotypes (18 dihaploid lines and the IAC-24 and IAC-289 cultivars) were evaluated in experiments carried out under dryland and acid soil conditions in Capão Bonito , and under sprinkler irrigation and acid soil conditions with lime application in Tatuí (1997Tatuí ( -2000. Grain yield, yieldBragantia, Campinas, v.62, n.2, p.217-226, 2003 218 components, agronomic characteristics and disease resistance were analyzed. In addition, the genotypes were evaluated for their tolerance to Al toxicity, in nutrient solutions, at laboratory conditions. The dihaploid lines 10 and 11 and the cultivar IAC-24, in Capão Bonito, and the cultivar IAC-24 and the dihaploid line 19, in Tatuí, were superior for grain yield. The dihaploid line 5 presented lodging resistance, the line 20 showed short stature and early plants to mature, and the cultivar IAC-289 exhibited higher number of spikelets per spike and heavier grains. All evaluated genotypes were susceptible to leaf spot. In relation to leaf rust, all lines were resistant, except the line 20 which was moderately resistant. The cultivar IAC-24 and all evaluated dihaploid lines were tolerant to aluminum toxicity. The higher grain yield genotypes, under dryland and acid soil conditions, were associated to tall plants, with long spikes, with high number of grains per spike and per spikelet and with tolerance to aluminum. Under sprinkler irrigation and acid soil conditions with lime application the most productive genotypes were associated to tall plants (semidwarf type) with heavy grains, and presenting no correlation with tolerance to aluminum.

rev. Bras. Polít. int. 57 (special edition): 91-107 [2014]

Roots and shoots from seedlings of 29 coffee genotypes were studied to better characterize the entries from the Coffea germplasm bank of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brasil. The varieties were seeded in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications and 10 plants per plot. The characters evaluated were: plant (PL), shoot (SL) and root (RL) length; total plant (PDM), shoot (SDM), root (RDM) and lateral root (LRDM) dry matter. A lateral root index (LRI) and shoot root dry matter (SRDM = SDM/RDM) and length ratios; (SRL = SL/RL) were calculated. The dwarf varieties (Catuaí, Icatu-caturra, Vila Sarchi, San Ramon, Vila Lobos, São Bernardo) presented higher LRDM and lower SDM than the normal size varieties such as Mundo Novo, Bourbon Vermelho, Arábica, Amarelo de Botucatu, Glaucia, etc. The varieties Macrodiscus, Icatu-caturra, Bourbon Amarelo, Vila Lobos and C. congensis showed higher root development related to shoot. The Arábica coffee standard variety showed intermediary root and shoot development. Genotypes of high yield background were higher in SL and SDM, while the dwarf types had only lower SL than the normal ones, but higher RL and dry matters. Seedlings from genotypes of known higher field drought tolerance had lower SL and RL, but higher RDM. Significant phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients were obtained, such the genotypes for PL and PDM (r = 0.64; P = 0.01), SL and SDM (r = 0.40; P = 0.05), SDM and LRDM (r = 0.52; P = 0.05), RDM and LRI (r = 0.68; P = 0.01), LRI and SRDM (r = 0.85; P = 0.01) and LRI and LRDM (r = 0.84; P = 0.01). High genotypic correlations suggest that selection directed to one character will directly affect the other. Conversely, low or non-significant correlations suggest independence of association, an indication that it would be possible to select two characteristics to diverse directions. Selection could be done towards different goals to change root and shoot measures (length and dry matter) because they were genotypically independent. However, care should be taken in controlling the environmental effects, because of significant positive phenotypic correlations.
Efetuou-se um estudo comparativo do sistema radicular e da parte aérea em plântulas oriundas de 29 genótipos de Coffea do banco de germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas. Avaliaram-se as sementes dos genótipos aos 40 dias da germinação ocorrida em estufins de areia lavada. Verificou-se o comprimento total das plantas (PL), da parte aérea (SL) e das raízes (RL), a produção total de matéria seca das plantas (PDM), da parte aérea (SDM), das raízes (RDM) e das raízes laterais (LRDM). Com base nesses dados, calcularam-se relações entre parte aérea e raízes, tanto para comprimento (SRL = SL/RL) quanto para produção de matéria seca (SRDM = SDM/RDM), bem como o índice de raízes laterais (LRI). Observou-se que as variedades de porte baixo (Catuaí, Icatu--caturra, Vila Sarchi, San Ramon, Vila Lobos e São Bernardo) apresentaram maior LRDM e menor SDM do que as de porte...