Inflorescences in Eriocaulaceae: taxonomic relevance and practical implications

Stützel, Thomas; Trovó, Marcelo

doi:10.1093/aob/mct234

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several studies about the inflorescence patterns in angiosperms, at familial or suprafamilial levels, have demonstrated that the complexity of these structures is mainly related to the repetition of a basic branching pattern (Endress 2010;Stützel and Trovó 2013), as was observed in the studied species. In this point of view, it is possible to interpret the paracladium bract of the lateral branches as homologous to the subtending leaves of the main axis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Anatomy and development of the reproductive units of Mapania pycnostachya and Hypolytrum schraderianum (Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae)

2016

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The typical mapaniid reproductive unit, which comprises several bracts, stamens and a gynoecium, may be interpreted as a single flower. Although developmental studies suggest that the mapaniid reproductive units are inflorescences, the units in species such as Hypolytrum schraderianum Nees are much reduced and strongly resemble a single flower. Therefore, an anatomical and developmental study of the reproductive units of Mapania pycnostachya (Benth.) T.Koyama and H. schraderianum was conducted to better understand their structure. In both species, two lateral bracts (prophyll-like units) are the first to emerge, followed by staminal and gynoecial primordia. The reproductive units of M. pycnostachya have two inner bracts (leaf-like structures) that initiate after the stamens. In H. schraderianum, they are absent. In both species, the reproductive units have spiral phyllotaxy and staminal traces that join the vascular system of the reproductive-unit axis at different levels. The vasculature pattern of these units differs from the cyperoid flowers. On the basis of these results, it is inferred that the reproductive units of both species are inflorescences, composed of unisexual flowers. It is also inferred that this structure is the general pattern for Mapanioideae and that loss of male flowers and inner bracts has occurred during evolution of the subfamily.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Anatomy and development of the reproductive units of Mapania pycnostachya and Hypolytrum schraderianum (Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae)

2016

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“…M.Pell. (which is comparable to the 2-flowered cincinni with mirror-image flowers of Marantaceae; Kirchoff 1985), and the predominant occurrence of cincinni and other cymose inflorescences in Commelinid Monocots (Fahn 1953; Uhl 1969; Kirchoff 1985; Panigo et al 2011; Kellogg et al 2013; Remizowa et al 2013; Stützel and Trovó 2013). Thus, the inflorescence in the family is to be regarded as thyrsoid, being composed of a many-branched thyrse, with spirally arranged cincinni in Pontederia s.l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Two peculiar new species of Heteranthera Ruiz & Pavón (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil, with notes on inflorescence architecture in the family

Pellegrini

Horn

2017

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Two new and peculiar species of Heteranthera are herein described. Heteranthera catharinensis is unique in the genus due to its glomerulate, many-flowered inflorescences, in which the flowers are restricted to the base and apex of the cincinni. It also possesses the biggest flowers in the H. reniformis Ruiz & Pavón species complex, with glabrous perianth lobes, medial filament, and style. On the other hand, Heteranthera pumila is described as the smallest known species of Pontederiaceae, with its dwarf stature, petiolate leaves with especially diminute blades, inflorescences 1–2–(3)-flowered, peduncle densely covered with glandular hairs, basal bract with glandular hairs at base, and smooth seeds, rarely possessing 7–9 inconspicuous longitudinal wings. We present detailed descriptions, illustrations, comments, a distribution map, conservation assessments for the new species, and an identification key to the Brazilian species of Heteranthera s.l. Finally, we discuss inflorescence morphology and terminology in Pontederiaceae, characterizing it as thyrsoid.

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“…The inflorescence terminology introduced by Troll (1964) and Weberling (1989) is used in this article to describe inflorescence structure and development. I use Troll's terms in a descriptive sense, not as part of his larger typological system, which has been criticized on other grounds (Kunze 1989;Claßen-Bockhoff 2000;Endress 2010;Stützel and Trovó 2013).…”

Section: Inflorescence Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An inflorescence is a shoot system that is modified to serve the formation of flowers (Troll 1964;Weberling 1982Weberling , 1989. Inflorescences are composed of components, which may be repeated at varying levels of complexity (Kunze 1989;Stützel and Trovó 2013). A florescence is a terminal indeterminate Fig.…”

Section: Inflorescence Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflorescence and Flower Development in Musa velutina H. Wendl. & Drude (Musaceae), with a Consideration of Developmental Variability, Restricted Phyllotactic Direction, and Hand Initiation

Kirchoff

2017

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Premise of research. Inflorescence and flower structure in the Musaceae is unique in the Zingiberales. The inflorescence lacks the obvious cincinnus structure that characterizes the order, and the flowers are unisexual. Previous studies were conducted using cultivated varieties and were carried out with sectioned material, which does not permit accurate developmental descriptions. Developmental study of a wild species with modern methods addresses these shortcomings and provides more accurate descriptions. Methodology. Young inflorescences and flowers were collected from botanical gardens in Hawaii and Australia and critical-point dried for observation with a scanning electron microscope. Pivotal results. All shoots and inflorescences have sinistrorse (left-handed) phyllotaxy, and the sequence of flower initiation is usually correlated with this pattern. Initiation begins on the cathodic side of the hand (opposite the direction of phyllotactic rise) and progresses anodically (in the direction of phyllotactic rise). Within this general pattern, the sequence of flower initiation is variable, even within the same inflorescence. Five patterns of initiation are reported, with additional variation within each pattern. Both male and female flowers have similar early developmental patterns but diverge at the time of petal/inner androecial formation. In male flowers the anterior side of the flower develops slightly ahead of the posterior, while in female flowers the posterior side develops slightly ahead of the anterior. While consistently present in the material analyzed here, these differences are not apparent at the time of gynoecial initiation or in the mature flowers. Conclusions. The banana inflorescence is another example of how higher-level phyllotactic patterns can influence the sequence of organ initiation at lower levels. Despite variability in the sequence of flower initiation in a hand, the best interpretation of the hand remains a cincinnus. Variability in inflorescence and floral development is rarely reported and may be more common than currently supposed.

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Inflorescences in Eriocaulaceae: taxonomic relevance and practical implications

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Anatomy and development of the reproductive units of Mapania pycnostachya and Hypolytrum schraderianum (Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae)

Anatomy and development of the reproductive units of Mapania pycnostachya and Hypolytrum schraderianum (Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae)

Two peculiar new species of Heteranthera Ruiz & Pavón (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil, with notes on inflorescence architecture in the family

Inflorescence and Flower Development in Musa velutina H. Wendl. & Drude (Musaceae), with a Consideration of Developmental Variability, Restricted Phyllotactic Direction, and Hand Initiation

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Inflorescences in Eriocaulaceae: taxonomic relevance and practical implications

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Anatomy and development of the reproductive units of Mapania pycnostachya and Hypolytrum schraderianum (Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae)

Anatomy and development of the reproductive units of Mapania pycnostachya and Hypolytrum schraderianum (Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae)

Two peculiar new species of Heteranthera Ruiz &amp; Pavón (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil, with notes on inflorescence architecture in the family

Inflorescence and Flower Development in Musa velutina H. Wendl. & Drude (Musaceae), with a Consideration of Developmental Variability, Restricted Phyllotactic Direction, and Hand Initiation

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Two peculiar new species of Heteranthera Ruiz & Pavón (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil, with notes on inflorescence architecture in the family