A total evidence phylogeny for Pontederiaceae is herein presented based on new morphological and previously published molecular data. Our results led us to re-circumscribe Pontederia to include Monochoria, Pontederias.s. and the polyphyletic Eichhornia. We provide the needed ten new combinations and 16 typifications, arrange a total of 25 accepted species (six representing re-established names) in 5 new subgenera. Furthermore, we provide an identification key for the two genera accepted by us in Pontederiaceae, an identification key to the subgenera, identification keys to the species of each subgenus and commentaries on Pontederias.l., as well as for each subgenus and each species.

Throughout the years, three infrageneric classifications were proposed for Tradescantia along with several informal groups and species complexes. The current infrageneric classification accepts 12 sections – with T. sect. Tradescantia being further divided into four series – and assimilates many concepts adopted by previous authors. Recent molecular-based phylogenetic studies indicate that the currently accepted sections might not represent monophyletic groups within Tradescantia. Based on newly gathered morphological data on the group, complemented with available micromorphological, cytological and phytochemical data, I present the first morphology-based evolutionary hypothesis for Tradescantia. Furthermore, I reduce subtribe Thyrsantheminae to a synonym of subtribe Tradescantiinae, and propose a new infrageneric classification for Tradescantia, based on the total evidence of the present morphological phylogeny, in accordance to the previously published molecular data.

A new species of Tradescantia sect. Austrotradescantia endemic to rocky cliffs in Southern Brazil, is here described as Tradescantia seubertiana. This new species is characterized as being completely glabrous, with a leaf base obtuse to cordate to slightly amplexicaulous, ellipsoid flower buds, by its light-pink to pink petals, and for growing in wet rocky cliffs. The new species is morphologically most similar to T. crassula due to its erect habit, conduplicate to canaliculate, succulent leaves, with inconspicuous secondary veins, non-saccate cincinni bracts, pistil longer than the stamens and hilum longer than ½ the length of the seed. I present a description, an illustration, a distribution map, habitat description, and a conservation assessment for the new species. I also present a comparison and identification key for the species related to T. seubertiana.

A new circumscription and a total of six microendemic species, four of them new to science, are herein presented for Siderasis, based on field and herbaria studies, and cultivated material. We provide an identification key to the species and a distribution map, description, comments, conservation assessment, and illustration for each species. Also, we present an emended key to the genera of subtribe Dichorisandrinae, and comments on the morphology and systematics of the subtribe.

ResumoWinteraceae apresenta cinco gêneros, dos quais apenas Drimys ocorre na região neotropical. A taxonomia das espécies ocorrentes no Brasil ainda é controversa e dependendo do autor, são aceitas de uma a três espécies. O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo taxonômico de Winteraceae no Rio Grande do Sul, e visa esclarecer acerca das espécies da família no estado. Foram feitas revisões de herbários nacionais e internacionais, além de coletas em diversos pontos do estado para o levantamento de dados para o tratamento taxonômico e a análise morfométrica (ANOVA). Com base nas análises morfométricas, dados fenológicos e morfológicos, aceitamos a ocorrência de duas espécies no Rio Grande do Sul: Drimys angustifolia e D. brasiliensis. É fornecida uma chave de identificação, descrições, comentários, fenologia e ilustrações de ambos os táxons. Palavras-chave: Canellales, Drimys, elemento austro-antártico, Magnoliidae, morfometria. AbstractWinteraceae presents five genera, of which only Drimys occurring in the Neotropics. The taxonomy of the Brazilian species is still controversial, and depending on the author, one to three species is accepted. This paper presents the taxonomic study of Winteraceae in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and aims to elucidate the Winteraceae species for the region. Revision of national and international herbaria, and collections in several places of the state were made in order to gather data for the taxonomic treatment and the morphometrics analysis (ANOVA). Based on the morphometric analyses, phenological and morphological data, two species are accepted for Rio Grande do Sul: Drimys angustifolia and D. brasiliensis. We provide an identification key, descriptions, commentaries, phenology and illustrations for both taxa.

Hydrothrix and Scholleropsis, two segregate monospecific genera placed within the Heteranthera s.l. clade, are here transferred to Heteranthera based on phylogenetic and morphological data. A brief discussion on the morphology and affinities of Heteranthera s.l. is given, along with the designation of lectotypes for the two new transfers.

The study presents a new and expanded treatment of the taxonomy, diversity and conservation status of all species of the genus Philodendron Schott (Araceae) so far discovered in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. It contributes to taxonomic and biological knowledge of the humid flora of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a globally recognized hotspot of biodiversity. The taxonomic treatment is based on 60 field collecting expeditions carried out since 2006, mainly in Southeastern Brazil, and the study of over 2200 herbarium specimens. Twenty eight species are recognized and their morphological descriptions, nomenclature and typification of relevant names are given. Lectotypes are designated for fourteen names, neotypes are designated for two names and epitypes for twelve names. Illustrations of all species are provided, together with a key and information on habitat and phenology for each species. The evaluations of the conservation status of the species were based on field observations, specialist literature, information from herbarium specimens and lists of endangered species. Evaluations of 16 of the 28 species found in Rio de Janeiro State are presented for the first time here and revised evaluations are presented for another six (P. altomacaense, P. cordatum, P. inops, P. hastatum, P. hatschbachii, P. roseopetiolatum) (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

This study provides a taxonomic revision for the Neotropical species of the genus Murdannia. Six species are recognized as native, including a new species and a new combination, while two Asian species are recognized as invasive. We present an identification key, a table summarizing the morphologic differences among the species, a new synonym, six lectotypifications, a distribution map, and descriptions, comments and photographic plates for each species. We also provide comments on the morphology of the Neotropical species of Murdannia, comparing them with the Paleotropical species, and a discussion of inflorescence architecture in the genus as a whole.