Muscle injury: current perspectives and trends in Brazil

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the management, procedures and perspectives of sports physicians and orthopedists in Brazil with regard to diagnosing and treating muscle injuries.MethodsA questionnaire containing 20 questions relating to the topic of muscle injury was applied to sports physicians and orthopedists during the Second Brazilian Congress of Arthroscopy and Sports Traumatology, in 2013.ResultsCompletely answered questionnaires were received from 168 sports physicians and orthopedists. Doctors from all regions of Brazil with a mean of 11 years of experience of treating muscle injuries were interviewed. Lower limbs were affected in 97% of the cases, particularly the quadriceps, adductor and sural triceps. The injury occurred during the eccentric phase in 62% of the interviews; 39% underwent ultrasound examination and 37% magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the injury to be diagnosed. Medication, rest and cryotherapy during the acute phase (87.5%) and medication, rest and physiotherapy during treatment of the injury (56%) were the prevalent options. The criteria for returning to sports were very subjective and disparate among the options presented, and most of the interviewees had already used some therapy that was adjuvant to traditional methods.ConclusionThe number of muscle injuries treated per year was greater than 30, independent of whether in the public or private sector. These injuries occurred mainly at the muscle–tendon junction, in the lower limbs and during the eccentric phase of muscle contraction. Ultrasound was the examination most performed, while MRI was considered ideal. For most of the interviewees, the preferred treatment involved rest, medication and physiotherapy. In addition, 52% believed that platelet-rich plasma was an efficient treatment and 42% said that they had already used it.

Sleep and musculoskeletal complaints among elite athletes of Santa Catarina

“…So, it is possible to observe from percentages that lower limbs have taken more athletes to some health professional, since for daily life activities lower limbs directly participate in motion and actions as well as in fast return to training. In line with this information, Astur et al 36 in their article, presented data collected during the II Brazilian Congress of Sports Arthroscopy and Traumatology in 2013 where sports physicians and orthopedists have shown that lower limbs injury and pain have led a higher number of athletes to look for help (97% of cases). This confirms results found in our athletes who indicated that knees were the most affected part, with musculoskeletal complaints in all four analysis categories of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.…”

Creation of a contusion injury method for skeletal muscle in rats with differing impacts

“…The lesions generated by shear loads are the most frequent and can result in contusion, sprains or lacerations. The variation occurs according to the mechanism of trauma, occurring most often in the lower limbs 3,4 .…”

Fractal dimension in the evaluation of different treatments of muscular injury in rats

“…LLLT was applied by means of diode laser equipment (Coherent, Laser Cube) and previously calibrated with a wavelength of 637 nm, power of 25 mW, beam diameter of 1 mm, and continuing emission for 10 s. Therefore, the dosage was 0.25 J/0.00785 cm (Astur et al, 2014) or 31.85 J/cm (Astur et al, 2014). The laser was applied to a single point, daily, starting on the day of injury until the completion of seven applications (Iyomasa et al, 2009;Luo et al, 2013).…”

“…The qualitative analysis was based on the morphology of the muscle fibers, based on features such as the shape (polygonal, rounded, angular), connective tissue (endomysium and the perimysium), and inflammatory infiltrate fibers in a state of necrosis and phagocytosis. The semi-quantitative analysis of morphological characteristics was performed by the frequency of occurrence in each animal and classified according to intensity: absent (0), mild (Edouard et al, 2016), moderate (Astur et al, 2014), and intense (Silveira et al, 2016). This method was adapted from De Souza (De Souza et al, 2011).…”

“…Muscle tissue injuries are a common problem in every population. These can be caused by work, sports, or accidents and due to their frequency more efficient treatments are required (Edouard et al, 2016;Astur et al, 2014). Among the principal treatments for these lesions are low intensity laser therapy (LLLT) and platelet rich plasma.…”