Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpenoid alcohol commonly used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. It is extracted from the essential oil of various medicinal plants. It has antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory action proven in studies that used oral and intraperitoneal applications of this monoterpene in mice. The current study was designed to develop a topical gel formulation containing the monoterpene borneol using carbopol as gel base and to evaluate its stability. The prepared formulation was subjected to physical characterization and physical-chemistry assessment. The gel was prepared from carbopol and 5% of borneol. The prepared gel was subjected to pharmacotechnical tests such as its pH, viscosity, conductivity, spreadability, centrifugation, and accelerated stability with freezing-thaw cycle. The borneol was successfully incorporated into the carbopol formulation. Borneol gel (BG5) showed good stability after eight months of its development and after 12 days in the freeze-thaw cycle, not showing statistical difference in pH value, conductivity, and viscosity before and after test. Furthermore, the formulation showed a good spreadability. Therefore, it was concluded that the formulation could be very promising alternative for the topical or transdermal treatment of skin diseases.
BackgroundDiabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) negatively affects foot and ankle function (strength and flexibility), which itself affects the daily physical activity and quality of life of patients. A physical therapy protocol aiming to strengthen the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles and increase flexibility may be a promising approach to improve lower-extremity function, prevent further complications, and improve autonomy for daily living activities in these patients. Thus, the inclusion of a specific foot-related exercises focused on the main musculoskeletal impairments may have additional effects to the conventional interventions in the diabetic foot.Methods/DesignA prospective, parallel-group, outcome-assessor blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted in 77 patients with DPN who will be randomly allocated to usual care (control arm) or usual care with supervised foot-ankle exercises aiming to increase strengh and flexibility twice a week for 12 weeks and remotely supervised foot-ankle exercises for a year through a web software. Patients will be evaluated 5 times in a 1 year period regarding daily physical activity level, self-selected and fast gait speeds (primary outcomes), foot ulcer incidence, ulcer risk classification, neuropathy testing, passive ankle range of motion, quality of life, foot health and functionality, foot muscle strength, plantar pressure, and foot-ankle kinematics and kinetics during gait.DiscussionThis study aims to assess the effect of a foot-ankle strength and flexibility program on a wide range of musculoskeletal, activity-related, biomechanical, and clinical outcomes in DPN patients. We intend to demonstrate evidence that the year-long training program is effective in increasing gait speed and daily physical activity level and in improving quality of life; foot strength, functionality, and mobility; and biomechanics while walking. The results will be published as soon as they are available.Trial registrationThis study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02790931 (June 6, 2016) under the name “Effects of foot muscle strengthening in daily activity in diabetic neuropathic patients”.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-018-2323-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The method with the 324-gram mass dropped from a 70-cm height onto the gastrocnemius muscle of rats seems to be the most suitable for the production of muscle injury in these animals after 72 hours, showing an important inflammatory infiltrate.
Introdução: O uso do salto alto tem sido cada vez mais frequente no cotidiano das mulheres. Objetivo: Investigar o comportamento dos músculos do tronco e as alterações posturais causadas pela utilização de diferentes tipos de calçados. Métodos: Vinte mulheres foram fotografadas em posição ortostática em diferentes situações: descalças, com tênis e com salto alto. As voluntárias também realizaram outras duas tarefas: manter os ombros flexionados a 45 e a 90 graus. Avaliaram-se a postura e a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos multífido, iliocostal, reto abdominal e transverso abdominal. Resultados: A comparação dos diferentes tipos de calçados não mostrou diferenças estatísticas. Entretanto, ao comparar as diferentes tarefas de membro superior verificou-se alteração na atividade dos músculos eretores da coluna e dos ângulos de cabeça, cervical e tórax. Conclusão: O uso de calçados de salto alto não altera a postura e a atividade dos músculos estabilizadores da coluna lombar durante a posição ortostática.
Registro de ensaio clínico número: ACTRN12610000470099.
A fitoterapia é utilizada há séculos e, até hoje, tem grande importância em muitas comunidades. Embora essa prática seja uma alternativa amplamente utilizada para o cuidado em saúde, com benefícios conhecidos de inúmeras espécies vegetais, a utilização inapropriada de plantas medicinais pode gerar graves problemas para a saúde de indivíduos. Por isso, são necessários estudos para analisar a utilização de plantas medicinais pela sociedade. Este trabalho procura realizar o estudo etnofarmacológico das plantas medicinais utilizadas em uma instituição de saúde holística na cidade de Petrolina, Pernambuco. Foram coletadas todas as plantas cultivadas na instituição que, no momento da coleta, apresentavam partes férteis, para a identificação da espécie botânica. Para coleta de dados sobre as plantas utilizadas pelos pacientes dessa instituição, foi realizada uma análise randomizada em 140 prontuários. Dentre as plantas indicadas, foram consideradas neste estudo apenas as que foram coletadas e identificadas taxonomicamente. As dez plantas mais indicadas foram comparadas com dados na literatura. As indicações para uso dessas plantas corroboram com estudos prévios que, contudo, avaliam apenas a utilização de uma planta durante as preparações para uso, desconsiderando possíveis interações que acontecem quando várias plantas são utilizadas em associação, prática comum na instituição pesquisada. A partir da pesquisa, considera-se que o saber popular é de grande importância para direcionar a descoberta de plantas com propriedades farmacológicas, tendo em vista que muitas indicações referidas através de conhecimento popular são comprovadas por estudos científicos.
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