1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE, FOX-7) – Properties and Formulations (a Review)

Trzciński, W. A.; Belaada, Amel

doi:10.22211/cejem/65000

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Since it was reported in 1998 [2], it has quickly been the subject of explosives research in various countries of the world. Many researchers have focused on the theoretical calculation, synthesis, thermal properties, and nanostructure of FOX-7 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Previous results on the physical and chemical characterization of FOX-7 have demonstrated that it possesses good thermal and chemical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility Study of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethene (FOX-7) with Some Energetic Materials

Zhou

Hou

Jia

et al. 2020

Journal of Chemistry

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1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) is a novel explosive with low sensitivity and high performance. The compatibility of FOX-7 with nine common energetic materials including hexanitrohexazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), 3,4-dinitrofurazanfuroxan (DNTF), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), hexanitrostilbene (HNS-II), 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105), 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the vacuum stability test (VST) as the thermal technique and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as a nonthermal technique. DSC measurements showed that the binary systems of FOX-7/CL-20, FOX-7/HMX, FOX-7/NTO, and FOX-7/TNT were compatible in grade of A, the systems of FOX-7 with heat-resistant explosives including HNS-II, LLM-105, and TATB were compatible as well in grade of A-B, and the binary systems of FOX-7/DNTF and FOX-7/RDX had poor compatibility. VST results indicated that FOX-7 was compatible with nine energetic materials. Besides, the compatibility results of the thermal analysis were confirmed by the XRD technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility Study of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethene (FOX-7) with Some Energetic Materials

Zhou

Hou

Jia

et al. 2020

Journal of Chemistry

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“…It is much less sensitive with higher thermostability and chemical resistance than RDX, which is slightly more energetic than FOX-7. Great attention has been paid to the synthesis and application of FOX-7 globally [6][7]. For example, the FOX-7 with a density of 1.885 g/ml, heat of formation H f of + 133.76 kJ/mol, and a drop hammer height value of 72 cm has been synthesized by Latypov et al [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and Stability Improvements of NEPE Propellants by Inclusion of FOX‐7

Xie¹,

Zhao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The performances of NEPE (Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether) propellants containing 1,1 diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) were evaluated by means of theoretical calculation, combustion, mechanical and sensitivity experiments. It was found that, by the replacement of Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) with FOX-7 in NEPE propellants, the density (1) was maintained to be the same 1.80 g cm À3 , whereas the combustion temperature (T c ) decreased from 3700 K to 3592 K. The meaN molecular weight of combustion gas (M c ) was slightly increased (from 27.28 to 27.48 g mol À1 ) and the theoretical specific impulse (I sp o ) was decreased from 2615 to 2560 N s kg À1 . The content of FOX-7 was in the range of 0 % to 34 % in the formulation of NEPE propellant. It was also shown that the burning rate was increased along with the elevated pressure exponents from 0.44 to 0.48. Moreover, the tensile strength of the propellants at + 20 8C and + 50 8C was improved from 0.84 and 0.68 MPa to 1.06 MPa and 0.75 MPa, respectively, while the maximum elongation decreased from 64.1~86.1 % to 32.54 5.3 %. In terms of safety, the friction sensitivity of the propellant was improved (initiation probability decreases from 100 % to 88 % under pressure of 2.45 MPa) and the impact sensitivity (H 50 ) increased from 6.74 N m to 9.31 N m (2.5 kg hammer).

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“…From the thermogram presented in Figure 12 it follows that melting of TNT took place and the highest rate of this transformation was achieved at a temperature of about 83 °C. The second endothermic peak on the DTA curve can be assigned to the first allotropic transition of FOX-7 (α→β) at a temperature 114.4 °C [16]. There was only one peak for decomposition which starts at approximately 226.5 °C.…”

Section: Thermal Stability and Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

A Melt-Cast Composition Based on NTO and FOX-7

Belaada¹,

Trzciński²,

Chyłek³

et al. 2016

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Abstract:A melt-cast composition containing NTO, FOX-7, TNT, Al and wax was prepared and tested. The viscosity of the melted composition was measured. Its sensitivity to impact, friction, shock wave and jet impact were determined, and its thermal stability and ignition temperature were established. Some detonation properties of the composition were investigated. The heat of detonation was measured using a calorimetric bomb. The detonation pressure and velocity were determined in a plate-dent test. The results of a cylinder test were used for the determination of the Gurney energy, the detonation pressure and energy, and the so-called effective exponent of the expansion isentrope and the JWL equation of state of the detonation products.

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1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE, FOX-7) – Properties and Formulations (a Review)

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

Compatibility Study of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethene (FOX-7) with Some Energetic Materials

Compatibility Study of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethene (FOX-7) with Some Energetic Materials

Sensitivity and Stability Improvements of NEPE Propellants by Inclusion of FOX‐7

A Melt-Cast Composition Based on NTO and FOX-7

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