A review of the available literature on the properties of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE, FOX-7) and formulations containing FOX-7 is presented in this paper. The structural, thermal and spectroscopic properties as well as the sensitivity and explosive properties of FOX-7 are described. Compositions containing FOX-7 are characterized in details and their sensitivity and explosive properties are presented. Potential areas of application for such formulations have been identified.
Abstract:A melt-cast composition containing NTO, FOX-7, TNT, Al and wax was prepared and tested. The viscosity of the melted composition was measured. Its sensitivity to impact, friction, shock wave and jet impact were determined, and its thermal stability and ignition temperature were established. Some detonation properties of the composition were investigated. The heat of detonation was measured using a calorimetric bomb. The detonation pressure and velocity were determined in a plate-dent test. The results of a cylinder test were used for the determination of the Gurney energy, the detonation pressure and energy, and the so-called effective exponent of the expansion isentrope and the JWL equation of state of the detonation products.
1,1‐Diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethene (DADNE, FOX‐7) is considered to be an explosive combining comparatively high performance and low sensitivity. In the present study, FOX‐7 has been evaluated as a possible replacement of RDX in TNT‐based melt‐cast compositions. A composition containing FOX‐7, TNT, Al and wax, and a method of preparing it were proposed. Its sensitivity to impact, friction, shock wave, jet impact, fast heating, and its thermal stability were tested. Some detonation parameters like the detonation pressure, velocity and heat were measured. Moreover, the Gurney velocity, the so‐called effective exponent of the expansion isentrope and the JWL equation of state of the detonation products were determined from the results of a cylinder test. The detonation characteristics were compared with that obtained for cast TNT.
The conditions and kinetics of nitration of 2-methylpyrimidine-4,6dione (MPD), which leads to the formation of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE, FOX 7) via 5,5-dinitro-2-(dinitromethylene)pyrimidine-4,6-dione, are presented. An analysis of literature data enabled us to propose a simple model of the nitration of MPD. The model was verified on the basis of literature data and our own experimental data. The influence of the rate of addition of nitric acid, into a model reactor, on temperature and composition of the reaction mixture was investigated numerically. The proposed nitration model could be useful in a study of the MPD nitration process on a large scale.
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