Compatibility Study of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethene (FOX-7) with Some Energetic Materials

Abstract

1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) is a novel explosive with low sensitivity and high performance. The compatibility of FOX-7 with nine common energetic materials including hexanitrohexazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), 3,4-dinitrofurazanfuroxan (DNTF), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), hexanitrostilbene (HNS-II), 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105), 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the vacuum stability test (VST) as the thermal technique and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as a nonthermal technique. DSC measurements showed that the binary systems of FOX-7/CL-20, FOX-7/HMX, FOX-7/NTO, and FOX-7/TNT were compatible in grade of A, the systems of FOX-7 with heat-resistant explosives including HNS-II, LLM-105, and TATB were compatible as well in grade of A-B, and the binary systems of FOX-7/DNTF and FOX-7/RDX had poor compatibility. VST results indicated that FOX-7 was compatible with nine energetic materials. Besides, the compatibility results of the thermal analysis were confirmed by the XRD technique.

Coupling Oscillating–Swirling–Coflowing: A Microfluidic Strategy for Superior Safety and Output Performance of Core–Shell Energetic Microspheres

“…X-ray powder diffraction data were analyzed to investigate the composition and microstructure of raw HMX, FOX-7, and samples (Figure a). Strong diffraction peaks for FOX-7 are located around 14.9°, 15.4°, 19.9°, 20.5°, 26.7°, 27.9°, 29.9°, 31.1°, 33.8°, and 38.3°, which are consistent with the characteristic diffraction peaks reported in the literature . The strong diffraction peaks of HMX are at 14.6°, 15.9°, 20.4°, 22.9°, 26.1°, 27.1°, 27.9°, 29.6°, 31.8°, and 50.6°.…”

Experimental and theoretical studies on the compatibility of DNTF and typical hydrocarbon polymer binders

“…The results illustrated that the peak temperature difference between the PNIMMO/DNTF binary system and PNIMMO reached 12.7 ○ C, indicating that they were incompatible. Zhang et al 6 studied the compatibility of DNTF with 1,1-diamino-2,2-di-nitro-ethene (FOX-7) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the vacuum stability test (VST), and x-ray diffractometry (XRD). The DSC results demonstrated that the peak temperature difference between the DNTF/FOX-7 binary system and FOX-7 was 5.24 ○ C, indicating that they were incompatible, which was different from the results of VST and XRD.…”