This study was carried out to isolate and characterize the flavonoids present in corn silks. Maysin content in the unpollinated corn silks (Kwangpyeongok) showed its highest level at 3 days after silking, and decreased thereafter, while the content of open pollinated silks were consistently decreased after silking. This result indicates that the maysin content is considerably affected by the pollination of corn silk. Unpollinated corn silks were collected with excising, and ethanol employed to extract flavonoids at common temperature for 9 days. After extraction, chlorophyll, lipids etc. were removed with methylene chloride, then submitted to flash column cartridge (150 × 40 mm i.d.) packed with a preparative RP-C 18 bulk packing material (125 Å, 55-105 μm), and monitored at 352 nm. Four fractions, fraction-I, -II, -III, and -IV, were isolated from ethanolic extract of corn silks. Absorption spectrum of fraction I showed its maximum intensity (λmax) at 327 nm and 239 nm, fraction-II showed its maximum intensity at 339 nm and 274 nm, fraction-III showed its maximum intensity at 345 nm and 277 nm, and fraction-IV showed its maximum intensity at 352 nm, 270 nm, 257 nm, respectively. On the baisis of ESI micro-TOF analysis, fraction-I was identified as chlorogenic acid (m/z 355, 3-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)quinic acid, C16H18O9), fraction-II identified as a mixture of chlorogenic acid and luteolin 3'-methyl ether 7-glucuronosyl-(1→2)-glucuronide (m/z 653, C 28 H 28 O 18 ), fraction-III identified as a mixture of chlorogenic acid luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside (m/z 595, C 27 H 30 O 15 ), and luteolin 3'-methyl ether 7-glucuronosyl-(1→2)-glucuronide, and fraction-IV identified as maysin (m/z 577, 2''-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-6-C-(6-deoxy-xylohexose-4-ulosyl)luteolin, C 27 H 28 O 14 ), respectively. From the ethanolic extract of corn silks, fraction-I was obtained about 35 mg/100 g F.W., fraction-II was about 48 mg/100 g F.W., fraction-III was about 46 mg/100 g F.W., and fraction-IV was about 138 mg/100 g F.W., respectively.
The objective of present study was to simultaneously isolate of isoflavone and soyasaponin compounds from the germ of soybean seeds. Soy germ flours were defatted with hexane for 48h at room temperature, and methanolic extracts were prepared using reflux apparatus at 90℃ for 6h, two times. After extraction, extracts were separated with preparative RP-C 18 packing column (125 Å, 55-105 µm, 40×150mm), and collected 52 fractions were identified with TLC plate (Kieselgel 60 F-254) and HPLC, respectively. Among the identified isoflavone and soyasaponin fractions, isoflavone fractions were re-separated using a recycling HPLC with gel permeation column (Jaigel-W252, 20×500mm). Final fractions were air-dried, and the purified compounds of two isoflavones (ISF-1-1, ISF-1-2) and four soyasaponins (SAP-1, SAP-2, SAP-3, SAP-4) were obtained. Two isoflavone compounds (ISF-1-1, ISF-1-2) were acid-hydrolyzed for the identification of their aglycones, and confirmed by comparing with 12 types of isoflavone isomers. While the four kinds of soyasaponins were identified by using a micro Q-TOF mass spectrometer in the ESI positive mode with capillary voltage of 4.5kV, and dry temperature of 200℃. Base on the obtained results, it was conclude that ISF-1-1 is the mixture isomers of daidzin (43.4%), glycitin (47.0%), and genistin (9.6%), but ISF-1-2 is the single compound of genistin (99.8% <). On the other hand, soyasaponin SAP-1 is the mixture compounds of soyasaponin A-group (Aa,
Oats (Avena sativa L.) were evaluated in recent years as a promising crop for increasing the nutritional quality of foods, due to their abundance in many bioactive compounds. The objectives of this study were to determine antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of nine oat cultivars and investigate the relationships between antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities in oat cultivars. The contents of total polyphenolics and vitamin E in oat cultivars were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods and normal phase HPLC, respectively. 2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and chelating effects were used to compare the relative antioxidant activities of oat cultivars. In this study, total polyphenolic and vitamin E contents of oat cultivars ranged from 83.41 to 130.59 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and 0.54 to 1.90 mg/100 g, respectively. High levels of ABTS radical (116.14 mg Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/100 g) and DPPH radical (38.58 mg TEAC/100 g) scavenging activities and reducing power (A700=0.922) were found in Daeyang. Significant correlation was evaluated between total polyphenolic contents and their antioxidant activities, namely ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities and reducing power. A low correlation was observed between vitamin E contents and their antioxidant activities. The results of this study could have an impact on oat consumption by enhancing consumer awareness of the health benefits of oats. 세계적으로주요 작물인 곡류에는 탄수화물, 단백질, 미 네랄 등의 다양한 영양소를 비롯하여 phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamin E, carotenoids, anthocyanins, lignans 등의 기능성 성분을 함유하고 있다. 곡류의 phenolic compounds는 암, 심혈관계 질환, 노화 관련 질환 등과 같은 스트레스와 관련된 질환을 예방하는 데 효과적인 것으로 알 려져 있다. 또한 vitamin E는 tocopherol과 tocotrienol을 총칭하는 것으로, 세포막 내 불포화 지방산의 산화를 방지하 고 혈중 콜레스테롤을 저하시키는 등 만성질환을 예방하는 데 효과적이다(1-3). 귀리(Avena sativa L.)는 벼과(Gramineae)에 속하는 곡 류로 일반적으로 기온이 낮고 습도가 높은 지역에서 잘 자라 며(4), 탈곡 과정 시 겉껍질이 쉽게 제거되는 쌀귀리와 탈곡 과정 후에도 종실에 겉껍질이 붙어있는 겉귀리가 있다. 세계 적으로 벼과 작물 중에서 밀, 옥수수, 벼, 보리 다음으로 생산 량이 많고 러시아, 미국, 캐나다, 호주 등에서 많이 생산되고 있다. 귀리는 생산량 중 약 75%가 가축의 사료로 소비되고 있으며 식용 및 종자용으로는 약 22%만이 이용되고 있고 비누, 로션, 샴푸 등의 세정제나 자외선 차단제 등의 화장품 원료로도 이용된다(5). 귀리의 배유 세포벽에는 glucose가 β(1→3)과 β(1→4) 결합으로 연결된 직쇄상의 다당류인 β-glucan이 2~6% 함유되어 있다(6,7). 귀리의 β-glucan은 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하, 당류 소화흡수 저해, 당뇨병 예방, 변비 치료, 대장암 예방 등 다양한 생리활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다(8-10). 귀리는 단백질 함량이 13~20% 로 다른 곡류에 비해 많이 함유되어 있으며 필수아미노산이
The rice bran, a by-product of rice milling process, is well known for various functional components, such as tocopherol, tocotrienol, γ-oryzanol, carrying antioxidant activities. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant components and antioxidant activities in rice bran of different Korean rice cultivars. The 8 isomers of vitamin E, γ-oryzanol, flavonoids, and polyphenolics in rice bran from 16 Korean premium and high quality rice cultivars were quantified. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power of the ethanol extracts of rice bran were measured. 'Hopum' showed the highest total vitamin E content, 221.47 µg/g among the cultivars, and 'Hanseol' showed the lowest content. The rice bran showed different compositions of α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherol and tocotrienol among rice cultivars. The antioxidant contents were also different by cultivar; the γ-oryzanol contents ranged from 1.99 mg/g (Unkwang) to 4.30 mg/g (Chilbo), the polyphenol contents ranged from 427.22 mg gallic acid eq./100 g (Odaebyeo) to 775.80 mg gallic acid eq./100 g (Hopum). 'Hopum' also had the highest DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities, 9.82% and 187.5 AEAC mg/100 g, respectively. In vitro, the rice bran extracts from 'Hopum' had significantly higher antioxidant activities than that of other cultivars.
The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts from oats (Avena sativa L.). Total polyphenol contents of extracts were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant activities of extracts were determined by 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and reducing power. The anti-proliferative activities of colon (HCT116), lung (NCI-H460), and breast (MCF7) cancer cells were investigated. Among solvents, methanol extract showed the highest amount of total polyphenols, which was 8.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g residue. High levels of ABTS radical [12.1 mg Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g residue] and DPPH radical (4.4 mg TEAC/g residue) scavenging activity and reducing power (A700=0.39) were found in methanol extracts. Moreover, methanol extracts indicated higher anti-proliferative activities against HCT116 (69.5%), NCI-H460 (75.2%), and MCF7 (84.8%) cells compared with other extracts. The results show that methanol was the best solvent for extraction of antioxidant and anti-proliferative compounds from oats. Moreover, notable antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of oats could have significant health benefits.
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