ـود وجـ )P < 0/01،-r = 0/503 و P < 0/01،-r = 0/664( داری ـت رضایـ ـای هـ مؤلفه ـت. داشـ ـود وجـ )P < 0/01،r = 0/449( داری ـا معنـ و ـت مثبـ ـتگی همبسـ ـتاران پرسـ ـردی فـ موفقیــت کاهــش و عاطفــی خســتگی واریانــس از )%20 و
Introduction: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) occur when the pressure that applied to musculoskeletal tissue is more than tissue tolerant capabilities. This study aimed at assessing the risk factors that cause musculoskeletal disorders associated with manual tasks, using ManTRA, and conducting an ergonomic intervention program (educational engineering) among workers in the printing industry. Methods: In this interventional case-control study, 40 workers, who performed manual tasks, (20 in the case group and 20 in the control group) were chosen and investigated. Nordic Body Map was used to determine the intensity and position of pain in different parts of the body. The ManTRA method was performed to evaluate cumulative scores in four regions of the body (wrist/hand/arm, shoulder/neck, back, and lower limb) for each worker before and after the intervention. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software. Results: Data analysis showed that mean intensity of pain in the control group before and after the intervention in various regions of the body, such as head/neck (P = 0.012), right shoulder/arm (P = 0.012), left shoulder/arm (P = 0.043), back (P = 0.003), right hand/ wrist (P = 0.028), left hand/wrist (P = 0.027), right knee/hip (P = 0.005), left knee/hip (P = 0.005), right leg (P = 0.012) and left leg (P = 0.028) were significant. Cumulative score was also significant in body regions such as arm/wrist/hand (P = 0.001) and shoulder/ neck (P = 0.001) before and after the interventional program. Conclusions: On the basis of the findings of this study, it could be noted that the ergonomic interventional program was effective for reducing the intensity of pain in various regions of the body and risk factors causing cumulative damage at the workplace.
In contemporary organizations such as hospitals, leadership effectiveness and employees' satisfaction are two important leadership outcomes. Head nurses' leadership styles and their performance play a key role to increase their effectiveness. Choosing an appropriate leadership style by head nurses, in addition to improving their performance, enhances nurses' job satisfaction and results in organizational goal achievement. This study aimed to determine head nurses' leadership style, as perceived by nurses, and its relationship with leadership outcomes in the educational-treatment centers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical research performed in 2015, the research population was all the nurses in educational-treatment centers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (n = 950). Using stratified proportional random sampling, 360 nurses were chosen as the research sample. The research instrument was Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), developed by Bass and Avolio. Results: The results demonstrated that head nurses applied a combination of three leadership styles: transformational, transactional, and laissez-fair. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that inspirational motivation, idealized influence, individual consideration and laissez-fair leadership accounted for %85 of the variance of leadership effectiveness. Individual consideration, idealized influence, management-by-exception active, management-by-exception passive and contingent reward accounted for %74 of variance of nurses' job satisfaction. conclusions: The results of this study revealed that there was a significant statistical relationship between head nurses' leadership styles and their leadership effectiveness and nurses' job satisfaction. Therefore, it is necessary for head nurses to try to foster five transformational leadership constructs and contingent reward as transactional leadership construct in their managerial behaviors to promote their effectiveness and enhance nurses' job satisfaction.
Introduction: Prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation)CPR) by aid groups during incidents is known as a determining factor of the survival rate. This study compared the effects of CPR teaching with two methods, practical with model and film, on the knowledge and performance of aid groups. Methods: This experimental study, designed as two groups of before and after, was performed on 72 members of aid groups in Hamedan, Iran. The samples were randomly selected from both organizations and divided into two groups of 36. Before the intervention, knowledge and performance of samples were assessed by knowledge evaluation questionnaire and performance evaluation checklist. The intervention was a theoretical and practical training for group A)practical with mannequin) in groups of six. In group B)film), education was in the form of a video CD with the same content. Finally, after seven days, knowledge and performance of samples were examined. Data were analysed by statistical method and SPSS software. Results: There was no significant difference in knowledge and performance before and after the training in both groups)P > 0.05); also, there was no significant difference between knowledge and practice of the two groups)P < 0.05). conclusions: According to the study, both methods were equally effective. However, teaching by film can have advantages such as being doable in free time, no need for presence in class, being easy to use and cost-effective.
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