Spatio-temporal assessment of the sustainability of agricultural landscapes over a long period (1892-2020 -130 years) was carried out on the basis of archival spatial data for the territory of the Dnieper district of the Tauride province and modern data from the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine. Taking into account the historical patterns of the development of agriculture on the territory of the Dnieper district and the results of spatial modeling in 1892, territories with low (4.1 thousand hectares -0.3% of the total area) and medium (310.3 thousand hectares -23.8%) level of sustainability of agricultural landscapes, which are located in the lower reaches of the Dnieper, were identified. However, the large-scale development of the territory for agricultural land and the development of irrigated agriculture have led to the activation of land degradation processes, soil fertility and the deterioration of the stability of agricultural landscapes over large areas. As a result of spatial modeling, the state for 2020 in the irrigation zone recorded significant areas of agricultural land and adjacent territories with low (179.1 thousand hectares -13.7% of the total area) and medium (419.0 thousand hectares -32.1%) stability level. A comparative analysis of the stability of agrolandscapes for two time periods (1892 and 2020) showed that largescale agricultural land development and an imbalanced land-use culture lead to constant and almost irreversible processes of reducing the stability of agrolandscapes in the areas of irrigation reclamation.
The study presents scientific substantiation and determination of the dependence of leaf area formation and photosynthetic activity of sunflower plants under the influence of fertilizers and growth regulators. The field research was conducted in 2015-2017 in the fields of the Voznesensk district in the Mykolaiv region, Ukraine (GPS: 47.630518, 32.078974). The soil of the research field is common black soil with little humus accumulation and the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen -1.5-1.8; the content of highly absorbable phosphorous -4.5-7.0 and the content of exchangeable potassium -12-15 mg/100 g of soil. The research was carried out by a two-factor scheme, where Factor A -the rate of mineral nutrition (the test plot without fertilizers; N 30 P 45 ; N 60 P 90 ); and Factor В -foliar feeding with the Wuxal Microplant, Khelafit Combi and Fitomare preparations. The weather conditions in the years of the research were typical for this growing zone. It was established that the year 2017 was the least favorable with excessively low soil moisture and high temperature regime for growing the crop, and the weather conditions of 2015 and 2016 were the most favorable for cultivating sunflower. The research made it possible to determine that fertilizers combined with multifunctional preparations had a considerable impact on the leaf area and photosynthetic potential of agrocenosis. It proves that foliar feeding of sunflower plants at the stage of 6-8 true leaves with growth regulators contributed not only to a change in the total chlorophyll content, but also to its fractional composition. In all the cases there was a major increase in the content of the fraction "а". In particular, the maximal increase in this fraction was 90%, whereas the difference did not exceed 76% in the fraction "b". Under nonfertilized conditions these indices were 48 and 13%, respectively.
The article is devoted to highlighting the results of field studies conducted during 2019-2021 on the influence of multifunctional growth-regulating drugs with a fungicidal effect Architect tm and Helafit Combi on the productivity and optimization of water consumption of high-oleic sunflower hybrids in non-irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The study was carried out under non-irrigated conditions in the experimental field of the "Mykolaiv DSDS IZZ NAAS" state institution of Ukraine (GPS: 46.980168, 32.148075) on southern low-humus chernozems. The program of scientific research provided for the foundation of a two -factor field experiment, in which sunflower hybrids were studied, namely Hector and Oplot (originator-V. Y. Yuryev Institute of crop production); DSL403 and P64GE133 (manufacturer Corteva, Brevant) and 8X477KL (manufacturer Dow Seeds). In the experiment, multifunctional growth -regulating preparations of chemical origin, i.e. Architect tm , and biological origin, i.e. Helafit Combi, were used. They were introduced in the form of foliar treatments of sunflower hybrids in the Phase 6-8 of real leaves with a rate of 1 l/ha. The weather conditions in 2019-2021 can be classified as medium -arid, typical for this growing zone, but the most favorable year was 2021. As for the temperature indicators, the average monthly air temperature for the study years was higher than the corresponding long-term average data. The results of three-year field studies showed that foliar treatments of sunflower hybrids of high-oleic type with Architect and Helafit Combi multifunctional preparations had a positive effect on improving growing conditions and increasing plant resistance to stress from high temperatures and lack of moisture. The study preparations contribute to a more economical use of soil moisture for the formation of a crop unit, as evidenced by a decrease in the water consumption coefficient for all the studied hybrids. The lowest water consumption coefficient of 1283 m 3 /t was found in the P64GE133 hybrid under the conditions of treatment of sunflower plants with a Helafit Combi combined preparation of biological origin. Foliar treatment of plants with combined growth-regulating preparations led to optimization of water consumption of agrocenosis in general.
This article presents the results of studies of winter wheat species and varieties depending on the meteorological conditions of the research years. The purpose of the research is to determine the density of the productive stem, the mass of 1000 grains, the yield and quality of winter wheat grain, depending on the species and varietal composition. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2015/2016-2020/2021 yrs in the experimental field of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine). Agricultural techniques for growing winter wheat of various species were generally accepted for the southern steppe zone of Ukraine. Its predecessor was sown peas. Results. It was determined that a larger number of productive stems per unit area (467-853 pcs./m 2 ) formed plants of the studied varieties of soft winter wheat, while the smallest (443-694 pcs./ m 2 ) were plants of winter durum wheat varieties. The largest mass of grain from one ear (1.06-1.20 g) on average over the years of research was formed by plants of spelt wheat varieties, and the smallest was formed 0.96-1.01 g of soft wheat plants. It was found that a higher yield of soft winter wheat (6.03 t/ha) on average over the years of research was formed in the Vidrada variety, hard wheat (5.58 t/ha) was formed in the Bosphorus variety, spelt was formed 5.36 t/ha in the Europa variety. The highest grain yield (7.13 t/ha) among the species and varieties put for study was provided by the Vidrada variety (T. aestivum) in 2016 yr, which was 5.3% more than in the variety Shestopalivka (T. aestivum), 5.9% more than the Linkor variety (T. durum), by 7.0% than the Bosphorus variety (T. durum), by 12.5% than that of the Europa variety (T. spelta) and 43.5% more than the Zorya Ukrainy variety (T. spelta). It was determined that the largest mass fraction of protein in grain was provided by the spelt Zorya Ukrainy wheat variety as 19.2-25.6% depending on the year of research, while the smallest was provided as 11.0-14.2% by the Shestopalivka soft wheat variety. In the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine, to ensure a high grain yield (5.24-6.03 t/ha) with a high protein content (14.1-15.1%), it was recommended to sow the variety of soft winter wheat Vidrada, hard winter wheat as Linkor and spelt as Europe.
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