The cost of production of sunflower is determined by the number of operations for its cultivation as well as the manufacturing charges for them. The extraneous matter content of the hopper sunflower heap is the factor that can increase the cost of sunflower production. In connection with that, it is advisable to reach the minimum values of the extraneous matter content in the hopper heap during sunflower harvesting. The article substantiates the design of the sieve with additional holes which is installed as an additional cleaning stage in the combine harvester. Adjustable sieve holes have a shape similar to the longitudinal shape of oilseeds. The area of the sieve hole can be adjusted depending on the type or variety of sunflower, which will significantly reduce the extraneous matter content in the hopper heap. To analyze the sieve performance, a check sample was made which was installed as an additional cleaning stage on the “Niva” SK-5-M-1 and “Vector 410” grain combine harvesters. The analysis is presented of the extraneous matter content in the hopper heap with the use of an additional sieve with a different area of adjustable holes and without it.
Tillage working bodies of rigid construction, as a rule, have one degree of freedom. A feature of the working bodies-mechanisms, characterized by a high degree of freedom, is the ability to continuously adapt to changing soil conditions. A working body for subsoiling, consisting of a cutting knife with a built-in drier, to which a mole in the form of a spring of a complex shape is attached, is designed. The time-stretched process of entry into operation of adjacent elements of the combined working body, the periodic deviation of the mole from the rectilinear motion, the continuous change in the diameter of the turns and the length of the mole depending on the difference in the longitudinal hardness of the soil helps to reduce the traction resistance.
The scientific article considers methods for studying the underlying surface of agro landscapes of slope lands - local and integral: contact and non-contact. Each group in turn includes a visual, optical and mechanical approach. For carrying out experimental studies on sloping lands, a method has been developed for determining the average slope, roughness and waviness of an elementary site in the field, and profilographs for its implementation. Using the moving average method, it is possible to break the data into components and isolate, on a general background, the average surface slope, randomly distributed irregularities, surface roughness and technological furrows with a corrugation of the surface. In order to automate the process of determining these parameters, a program has been developed that allows you to directly calculate and display information on the monitor screen. Field studies using a profiler with contactless profilograph were conducted on different soil fertility, including the examination of the field station, located on the slope of the complex after the pre-winter tillage BDM-3x4P in Morgaushskiy District of the Chuvash Republic. After data processing, the average slope of the elementary area for a certain point of the field was 0.06 or 3.440. The direction of the main soil cultivation was determined from the angle of deviation of the technological grooves from the direction of the slope, which amounted to 93.60. The data obtained are presented in the Excel spreadsheet as a relationship between two parameters: the angle of rotation and the height of the surface profile of the soil, in the form of a sweep. Further, using the moving average method for the field section with soil disking, the average slope of the surface was determined to be 3.440, the surface roughness was 3.54 mm, and the waviness (soreness) of the soil surface was 7.94 cm.
The results of analyzes of the work process of the rotary tillage machine for further processing of the soil in forest nurseries are presented in the article. The features of the process performed by the rotary engine, as well as the forces acting on the working bodies are considered. The analysis of the geometric parameters of working bodies and their operation modes are given. The conditions required for stable operation of rotary tillage machines and good quality soil loosening is defined. It is noted that the results obtained are used in the development of rotary machine, driveless МРБ-1.6, intended for seedbed preparation of soil in forest nurseries are presented, which has successfully passed acceptance tests and was put into mass production.
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