Abstract. An air screen cleaning machine has been developed for the fractional technology of forage grain flattening with a new implementation of the elements of the screen part and a pneumatic system, allowing efficient separation of the grain material coming from the field after threshing by combine harvesters into fractions of the seed and the forage grain, and their qualitative cleaning from admixtures. There is presented a design and technological scheme of this machine, as well as its pneumatic system in the form of a pneumatic circuit. Research of the pneumatic system has been carried out by mathematical simulation, which makes it possible to theoretically test its operability and conduct analysis of the dynamic processes that occur in separate elements. By using the results of these studies, a possibility appears to design and then to make a test sample of the machine with the parameters of the working tools (the pneumatic system), which ensures a qualitative cleaning process from the admixtures of the grain fractions.Keywords: technology, fractionation, grain flattening, admixtures. IntroductionForage grain is valuable concentrated feed for animals, a source of carbohydrates, protein and other useful nutrients, and it is widely used in animal husbandry. To improve digestibility of its components, forage grain is subject to special processing, or grinding. One of the most economical ways of grain processing is flattening [1], which has a number of advantages in comparison with crushing [2-4], since it ensures the production of fodder best corresponding to the biochemical processes that occur in the stomach of the ruminant animal [5]. Despite the fact that grain flattening has been used for more than a hundred years, the machines for this process are constantly being improved in terms of the quality of the process performed, minimisation of the energy costs, etc.Analysis of the scientific, technical and patent literature on the existing technologies and technical means of the post-harvest handling and processing of grain forage [6][7][8] shows that one of the most promising and economically profitable technologies is the fractional technology of forage grain flattening. In order to isolate the forage grain fraction (which is then subject to flattening) from the grain that is arriving after threshing by the combine harvesters on the field into the post-harvest processing centres, an air screen cleaning machine in a new design of the elements of the screen part and the pneumatic system has been developed allowing not only efficient fractionation of the not yet treated grain into the seed grain and forage, but also qualitative separation of these fractions from admixtures.For this purpose the most perfect is the air-screen grain cleaning machine, intended for processing the grain material both in the usual mode (separation of grain from small, big and light admixtures), and in the fractionation mode (separation of the grain material into fractions with simultaneous cleaning of the grain fractions from admixt...
Analysis of patent solutions and research of scientific-research literature in the field of grain processing with technical devices, e.g. kneaders in relation to the quality and digestibility in feed doses of the obtained syrup for the development of beef and dairy cattle was performed. Assumptions of the development trend of feed production, new technologies based on grain, which allow improvement of the quality of feed and reliability of technological lines of animal nutrition, reduce energy consumption, reduce losses were presented. In this regard, reduction of the cost of producing feed compared for example to the production of fodder beet or sugar beet from 1.5 to 2 times is possible.
Introduction. The article presents the results of experimental and theoretical research of technological process of the PZ-1M grain flattener with a feeding device. The research was carried out at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East Named after N. V. Rudnitsky in 2011‒2019. The purpose of the research is to design a feeder scheme for the grain flattener, determine rational parameters of its working body (feed roller) and test the improved grain flattener. Materials and Methods. A constructive and technological scheme of the grain flattener with a feeding device is proposed, the novelty of which is confirmed by patents Nos. 2628297 and 2557780. The structural scheme of grain flattener with a feeding device comprising an active working body – a feeding roller with blades is developed. There was carried out theoretical research of the grain motion along the feeder roller blades to determine the patterns of grain motion depending on the values of the roller parameters. Results. It is established that with the size of the feed roller inner radius 0.045 m and more all the grain passes down from the roller blade into the feed channel and through it for flattening at the required exit angle of 60°, roller speed of not less than 400 min–1 and the value of the coefficient of the grain friction on the roller blade less than 0.4. When these parameters are observed, the feeding roller and the device are effective. Taking into account the results of researches, we have developed the design documentation and produced the PZ-1M grain flattener comprising a feeder. Departmental and comparative tests of the flattener were conducted, which showed high efficiency of its application: machine reliably and qualitatively performs the technological process of flattening grains. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a power device in the design of the flattener increases the conditioning capacity by 2.08 times while reducing the energy intensity of the process by 1.6 times; the annual economic effect of using the PZ-1M grain flattener with feeding device compared to its analogue is 67,583 rub. at the level of intensification of 49%.
Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н.В. Рудницкого, г. Киров, Российская Федерация Реферат. Проанализировали рабочий процесс и конструкции машин, задействованных в зерноочистке. Выявили, что энергоемкость универсальных воздушно-решетных машин отечественного и зарубежного производства составляет 0,86-1,61 киловатт-часа на тонну, удельная металлоемкость -30-700 килограмм-часов на тонну. (Цель исследований) Разработать высокопроизводительную зерноочистительную машину первично-вторичной очистки с малой энергоемкостью, высокой степенью очистки семенного и продовольственного зерна, а также с возможностью ее установки в поточных зерноочистительно-сушильных линиях и комплексах. (Материалы и методы) Создали новую конструктивно-технологическую схему универсальной зерноочистительной машины МЗУ-20Д и ее пневмосистемы. Изготовли опытный образец производительностью 20 тонн в час, с тремя пневмосепарирующими каналами и тремя осадочными камерами пневмосистемы. Исследовали пылеуловитель воздушной системы машины МЗУ-20Д. (Результаты и обсуждение) С применением конечно-элементного метода получили расчетные величины и векторы скоростей воздушного потока в узловых точках сечения пылеуловителя. Жалюзийную решетку пористостью 0,1 установили под углом 30 градусов, при наличии делительной перегородки. Оптимизировали конструктивно-технологические параметры по матрице трехуровневого плана Бокса -Бенкина. По результатам реализации плана выбрали рациональные конструктивные параметры пылеуловителя: глубина выходного патрубка -0,35 метра, угол установки жалюзи -30 градусов, число жалюзи -8. Определили, что при приведении в соответствие параметров пылеуловителя вышеуказанным значениям эффективность осаждения примесей в нем достигает 60 процентов при гидравлическом сопротивлении 260 паскалей. В ходе государственных испытаний машины МЗУ-20Д в СПК «Рассвет» Кировской области на очистке зерна ржи сорта Фаленская подтвердили характеристики: пропускная способность -до 20 тонн в час, установленная мощность -9 киловатт, чистота зерна -не менее 98 процентов. (Выводы) Установили, что машина работоспособна, качественно выполняет технологический процесс и может быть использована, например, при реконструкциях и разработке новых зерноочистительно-сушильных линий и комплексов. Ключевые слова: зерноочистка, подготовка семян, очистка семян, зерноочистительная машина, зерноочистительно-сушильные комплексы.
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