Significance. Strengthening providers integration to improve health indicators is an important direction of healthcare development. Purpose. To evaluate the degree of providers interaction and continuity of health care. Material and methods. Forms of interaction between health services, medical organizations and social services have been determined, its prevalence is considered as a characteristic of the level of interaction. The sociological survey of physicians was conducted in October 2020 to identify their opinion about the interaction forms. The responses were compared with the results of a similar survey in 2012. Results. Comparison of the 2012 survey and 2020 survey suggests some improvements in interaction between district physicians and outpatient specialists, however its level is hardly adequate. Interaction between district physicians and emergency care providers in polyclinics has improved. Interaction between polyclinic and hospital physicians before and after hospital admission is very limited and has deteriorated over the period under study. The level of outpatient physicians’ awareness of emergency calls and hospital admissions of their patients is low. Interaction between polyclinics and hospitals on the one hand, and rehabilitation units and social care providers on the other hand, is also low. Information on the location and volumes of care provided to patients is still inaccessible for most physicians. This limits continuity of care. Conclusion. The study shows that the Russian healthcare system remains fragmental. This is the result of low priority of integrative activities, as well as low involvement of health managers in these activities. Scope of application. The need for specifying activities aimed at improving health providers integration as a special subject of health policy has been substantiated. The results can be used by health policy decision-makers, health managers and health professionals.
The private sector which has emerged in the Russian health care system has become a competitor to the public one and has pulled a part of effective demand of the middle class. It has developed out of the public health care financing system. Depending on the policy of the state towards modernization of health care, the private sector can continue to grow as an alternative to the public one, but it can be a tool of modernization and an organic part of an integrated health care system.
Диспансеризации населения позиционируется российским государством как важнейший инструмент политики в сфере здравоохранения. В отчетах органов государственной власти рост охвата населения диспансеризацией и числа выявленных заболеваний представляются как однозначные свидетельства ее успеха. Перспективы ее развития связываются с расширением числа участников и состава мероприятий по выявлению заболеваний. Считается, что это автоматически приведет к улучшению показателей здоровья населения. Между тем связь между профилактикой и показателями здоровья не так однозначна, как это следует из официальных заявлений. В статье рассматривается концептуальная основа реализуемой программы диспансеризации, анализируются реальные практики и результаты ее проведения.Декларируемые цели диспансеризации состоят в максимально широком охвате населения профилактическими мероприятиями и выявлении заболеваний. Анализ практики диспансеризации выполнен по данным онлайн-опроса, проведенного весной 2019 г., 1103 участковых врачей и врачей профилактических подразделений поликлиник, работающих в 81 регионе страны. Результаты опроса показывают, что действия по ведению выявленных в ходе диспансеризации больных, особенно с хроническими заболеваниями, очень ограничены. Почти половина опрошенных врачей не знает о результатах диспансеризации прикрепленного к ним населения; менее 8% считают, что объем последующих мероприятий по диспансерному наблюдению выявленных больных достаточен для полноценного лечения.Результаты опроса и качественных интервью с врачами и руководителями московских поликлиник показали также, что первичное звено здравоохранения еще до пандемии COVID-19 было не готово к проведению эффективного диспансерного наблюдения за выявленными больными. Более того, диспансеризация обострила дефицит кадров медицинских организаций первичной медико-санитарной помощи. Особенностью программы диспансеризации является централизованная унифицированная модель планирования и проведения ее мероприятий. В ситуации сильного административного давления органов управления здравоохранением всех уровней врачи вынуждены имитировать реальную профилактику как в количественном, так и в качественном отношении. Для повышения медико-экономической эффективности диспансеризации требуются увязка масштабов и содержания ее программы с возможностями первичного звена здравоохранения и ее превращение в комплекс взаимосвязанных мер по выявлению заболеваний и постоянному наблюдению за больными, прежде всего с хроническими заболеваниями.
The paper presents the results of a study of changes in the salary schemes and working conditions of medical staff, their labor motivation and the compliance of these changes with the objectives of the so-called “effective”, performance-based, contract being introduced. The data from a set of surveys of employees at public medical facilities in 2009–2018 served as the empirical base of the study. It is shown that the introduction of the effective contract had changed the role of factors determining the salary of medical workers. Whereas earlier qualification had been the leading factor, afterwards it was the volume and quality of the work performed as well as the outcomes of a given medical institution or unit. Most doctors had increased the amount of work they do, and the secondary employment of medical staff had slightly been reduced. Survey data indicate quite a stable hierarchy of labor motives among medical workers, the leading ones being earning money, professional interest in work, and altruism. In 2018, the role of the guaranteed employment motive was elevated. Among the positive changes are an increase in the satisfaction of medical workers with the salary, conditions for advanced training, and rules of remuneration. The identified outcomes are generally consistent with the objectives of introducing the effective contract, and they allow one to argue that the new salary scheme has had a positive impact on the labor motivation of medical staff. However, the conclusion of an effective contract was noted by only half of respondents. For the rest, it all boiled down to an increase in salary. These results indicate serious failures in the administration of this reform.
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