Aim      To evaluate the clinical picture and factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in admitted patients with COVID-19.Material and methods This study included all patients admitted to the COVID Center of the National Research Center of Cardiology of the Russian Ministry of Health Care from May 1 through May 31, 2020. Clinical demographic, laboratory, and instrumental indexes and associated factors were studied with one-way and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results This study included 402 patients aged 18 to 95 years (mean age, 62.9±14.6 years); 43.0 % of them were older than 65 years. COVID-19 was frequently associated with chronic comorbidities, including arterial hypertension (74.4 %), obesity (41.6 %), history of ischemic heart disease (12.9 %), atrial fibrillation (18.9 %), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (13.0 %), and oncological diseases (9.2 %). 13.0 % of patients were smokers; less than 10% had chronic lung diseases. 3.9% of patients had a combination of COVID-19 and acute coronary pathology, including acute myocardial infarction (MI) in 3.2 % (13) and unstable angina in 0.7 % (3). The most frequent clinical manifestation of COVID-19 were four symptoms: cough (81.1 %), weakness (80.3 %), shortness of breath (71.6 %), and fever (62.7 %). 46.5% of patients had shortage of breath and chest pain/compression, 40.3% had headache, 31.1% had myalgia, 28.8% had anosmia, and 25.5% had ageusia. Arterial oxygen saturation was <93.0 % in 55.7 % of cases. According to laboratory blood tests the patients had anemia (58.2 %), lymphopenia (34.8 %), neutropenia (19.2 %), thrombocytopenia (11.9 %), and increased levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP, 87.3 %), interleukin-6 (89.3 %), ferritin (62.1 %), and D-dimer (49.2 %). 56.2% of patients required various regimens of oxygen support. 83 (20.6%) patients were admitted to intensive care and resuscitation units; invasive artificial ventilation was performed only for 34 (8.5 %) patients. In-hospital mortality was 7.7 % (31 / 402). One-way regression analysis identified major factors associated with death during the stay in the hospital: age >55 years, NEWS scale score >4.0, oxygen saturation <92.0 %, blood glucose >5.4 mmol/l, hs-CRP >25.7 mg/l, and creatinine clearance <72.0 ml/min. Furthermore, the risk increased with increasing degree of changes in each factor. According to results of the multivariate regression analysis, three most significant predictors of the hard endpoint, all-cause death during the stay in the hospital, were more than 5-fold increases in aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase compared to normal levels (relative risk (RR) 16.8 at 95 % confidence interval (CI) 5.0–56.3, р<0.001), pronounced changes in the lungs consistent with a CT-4 picture as shown by computed tomography (CT) (RR 13.4; 95 % CI 3.9–45.5, р<0.001), and MI/unstable angina during the stay in the hospital (RR 11.3; 95 % CI 1.4–90.6, р=0.023). The probability of death was also considerably increased by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance estimated by Cockcroft-Gault <60.0 ml/min), type 2 DM, oncological diseases, and dementia.Conclusion      This study established factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in admitted patients with COVID-19. This will allow identifying in advance patients with a high risk of complications that require increased attention to take more active diagnostic and therapeutic measures at prehospital and hospital stages.

Background The prospective, multicentre EURECA registry assessed the use of imaging and adoption of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines (GL) in patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Methods Between May 2019 and March 2020, 5156 patients were recruited in 73 centres from 24 ESC member countries. The adoption of GL recommendations was evaluated according to clinical presentation and pre-test probability (PTP) of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Results The mean age of the population was 64 ± 11 years, 60% of patients were males, 42% had PTP &gt;15%, 27% had previous CAD, and ejection fraction was &lt;50% in 5%. Exercise ECG was performed in 32% of patients, stress imaging as the first choice in 40%, and computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in 22%. Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was the first or downstream test in 17% and 11%, respectively. Obstructive CAD was documented in 24% of patients, inducible ischaemia in 19%, and 13% of patients underwent revascularization. In 44% of patients, the overall diagnostic process did not adopt the GL. In these patients, referral to stress imaging (21% vs. 58%; P &lt; 0.001) or CTCA (17% vs. 30%; P &lt; 0.001) was less frequent, while exercise ECG (43% vs. 22%; P &lt; 0.001) and ICA (48% vs. 15%; P &lt; 0.001) were more frequently performed. The adoption of GL was associated with fewer ICA, higher proportion of diagnosis of obstructive CAD (60% vs. 39%, P &lt; 0.001) and revascularization (54% vs. 37%, P &lt; 0.001), higher quality of life, fewer additional testing, and longer times to late revascularization. Conclusions In patients with CCS, current clinical practice does not adopt GL recommendations on the use of diagnostic tests in a significant proportion of patients. When the diagnostic approach adopts GL recommendations, invasive procedures are less frequently used and the diagnostic yield and therapeutic utility are superior.

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Aim. To assess long-term sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients at 3 to 7 months after discharge.Material and Methods. The whole of 700 patients hospitalized to the temporary COVID-19 treatment center hosted by the FSBI “National Medical Research Center of Cardiology” of the Ministry of Health of Russia from April to June 2020 were invited to participate in a follow-up study. At 3-7 months after the index hospitalization, patients or their proxies were contacted via telephone in order to obtain information on their vital status, cardiovascular and other conditions or their complications, and new hospitalizations. In addition, patients were invited to an outpatient visit under the "COVID-19-follow-up" program, encompassing physical examination and a comprehensive battery of laboratory and instrumental tests, including spirometry, chest computed tomography (CT) and the six minute walk test (6MWT). Further, dyspnea was assessed using the mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea Scale. Results: We were able to contact 87.4% (612/700) of patients or their proxies. At follow-up, 4.4% (27) patients died, of which 96.3% (26) had cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A total of 213 patients aged 19 to 94 years old (mean age 56.8±12.5, median 57 years [49.0; 64.0]; men, 55.4%) agreed come for an outpatient visit and to participate in the “COVID-19-follow-up” program. Since discharge, 8% (17) of patients required new hospitalizations, and more than a half of these patients (58.8%; 10/17) had CVD-related hospitalizations. A total of 8.4% (18) patients experienced worsening of hypertension, 9 (4.2%) patients had newly diagnosed hypertension, 2 (0.9%) – coronary artery disease patients experienced new/recurrent angina symptoms. 4 (1.9%) patients had newly diagnosed coronary artery disease, and one patient had an ischemic stroke. At the outpatient visit, 114 (53.5%) patients had some symptoms, most frequently, shortness of breath (33%), fatigue (27.4%), chest pain (11.3%), and abnormal heartbeats (8.5%). Based on the mMRC Scale, 59% of patients had dyspnea of varying severity. Most patients had a normal vital capacity (VC), which was moderately reduced in 3.3% and severely reduced in 0.5% of patients. Chest CT scans were obtained in 78 (36.6%) patients, whose worst lung damage scores during hospitalization were CT3 or CT4. One in ten patients (10.8%) with severe lung damage during acute infection had persisting ground glass opacities, 35.9% developed fibrotic changes, 79.6% of patients had linear or fine focal opacities. According to the 6MWT data, 12.3% of patients walked less than 70% of the predicted distance, 67% walked 71 to 99% of the predicted distance, and 20.7% of patients were able to walk 100% of their predicted distance.Conclusion. These data suggest long-term negative sequelae of COVID-19 in more than half of hospitalized patients.

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)With the participation: Eurasian Association of Therapists (EUAT), Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (OSSN), Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), Russian Society of Pathologists, Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists (RSR)Endorsed by: Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

BACKGROUND: The role of microcirculatory disorders is progressively being accepted in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of current study is to assess whether we can consider skin microcirculation disorders as a biomarker of cardiovascular events. METHODS: Group 1 consisted of healthy volunteers (n = 31); group 2 (n = 42) consisted of patients with diseases that increase the risk of cardiovascular events; group 3 (n = 39) included patients with the history of cardiovascular events. Skin microcirculation measurement was performed using laser Doppler flowmetry during the heating test. RESULTS: LDF parameters reflecting the rapid response of microcirculation to heating (“Slope 120 s” and “Slope 180 s”) significantly differed in three groups (p <  0.05). A decrease in the “Slope 180 s” parameter less than 0.5 PU/s is associated with cardiovascular events (sensitivity 69.2%, specificity 66.7%; the area under the ROC curve, 0.667; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.545–0.788, p = 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that “Slope 180 s≤0.5 PU/s” was significantly related to cardiovascular events (adjusted odds ratio = 3.9, p = 0.019, CI 95% 1.2–12). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced reactivity of the skin microcirculation may be useful as a biomarker of severe damage to the cardiovascular system and is promising as a risk factor for cardiovascular events.

Карандашов Владимир Ивановичд-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАЕН, руководитель отделения лазерных биотехнологий и клинической фармакологии 2 Шатохина Светлана Николаевнад-р мед. наук, заведующая клиникодиагностической лабораторией 1 Санина Наталья Петровна-д-р мед. наук, профессор, декан факультета усовершенствования врачей 1 Рыжкова Оксана Юрьевна-врач поликлиники 1 Горбунова Елена Михайловна-мл. науч. сотр. кафедры терапии факультета усовершенствования врачей 1 Палеев Николай Романовичакадемик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой терапии факультета усовершенствования врачей 1

Цель. Оценка влияния применения двойной антитромбоцитарной терапии (ДАТ) ацетилсалициловой кислотой и блокаторами рецептора P2Y 12 тромбоцитов тикагрелором и клопидогрелом у пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом с интервенционной и консервативной тактикой лечения на целевые показатели федерального проекта "Борьба с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями": 1) "смертность от болезней системы кровообращения" (БСК), 2) "смертность от ИМ". Материал и методы. В зависимости от тактики ведения, пациенты в модели разделялись на две когорты: с инвазивной или консервативной терапией. Пациенты, перенесшие острый коронарный синдром (ОКС) с выполненным чрескожным коронарным вмешательством (ЧКВ) были включены в когорту инвазивной терапии, в то время как пациенты, которым ЧКВ не проводили, были включены в когорту консервативной терапии. Для определения влияния ДАТ с тикагрелором и клопидогрелом на смертность и частоту сердечно-сосудистых событий в когортах инвазивной и консервативной терапии ОКС использовались два субанализа КИ PLATO: в подгруппе пациентов с запланированной инвазивной стратегией лечения и в подгруппе пациентов с запланированной неинвазивной стратегией лечения ОКС, соответственно. Исходя из показателей смертности, в зависимости от тактики ведения пациентов, рассчитывалось количество смертей, которое возможно дополнительно предотвратить, используя тикагрелор вместо клопидогрела. В дальнейшем рассчитывалось, какую долю целевых показателей федерального проекта "Борьба с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями", в 2020г удалось бы достичь при применении ДАТ с тикагрелором вместо клопидогрела. Результаты. Применение тикагрелора в составе ДАТ для лечения пациентов с ОКС в соответствии с клиническими рекомендациями в течение года позволит (по сравнению с клопидогрелом):• предотвратить дополнительно 7199 случаев смерти в год от болезней системы кровообращения, что обеспечит выполнение целевого показателя по снижению смертности от БСК в Российской Федерации в 2020г на 25%; • предотвратить дополнительно 1278 случаев смерти от повторного инфаркта миокарда, что обеспечит выполнение целевого показателя по снижению смертности от ИМ в Российской Федерации в 2020г на 63%.Ключевые слова: тикагрелор, вторичная профилактика сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, целевые показатели, смертность от болезней системы кровообращения, смертность от инфаркта миокарда, федеральный проект "Борьба с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями". Отношения и деятельность. Исследование выполнено при поддержке компании АстраЗенека.