The review contains a brief analysis of the 60-year history of the discovery, study and medical application of interferons, a new group of remarkable proteins that have found wide medical application in the therapy of virological, oncological, neurological, ophthalmic and other pathologies. Modern data on the classification of interferons and the mechanisms of their action are given. Particular attention is paid to the clinical use of medications of interferon and its inducers.
Interferons (IFN) belong to key cytokine? of innate and adaptive immune response and play an important role in anti-viral and anti-tumor protection. At the same time, they possess a pronounced immune-modulating, anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic effect. A general comparative characteristic of human IFN type I (a/(3), IFN type II (y) and IFN type III (X) and nosological directionality of contemporary drugs created on their base is examined in the review. Epidemiologic parameters for main socially-significant human diseases of viral etiology are presented: influenza and other ARVis, herpes infection, chronic viral hepatitis В, C and D. Main attention is given to analysis of effectiveness of therapeutic application of preparations based on IFNa during the indicated infections, a specter of main IFNa induced side effects is listed. Recent achievements on the path of creation of principally new drugs based on IFN, that have lower toxicity and higher clinical effectiveness, as well as perspectives of application of preparations based on recombinant IFN for therapy of potentially dangerous diseases are examined.
For more than 60 years, the study of interferons (IFN) system has continued, as a complex network system. IFNs of 3 types are discovered: I (α/β), II (ƴ), III (λ), their interrelations, mechanisms of action, functional diversity are investigated. The practical way out of the study of the functional capacity of human peripheral blood leukocytes to produce IFN was the method of determining the interferon status, which allows to judge the immunoreactivity of the organism, to detect the sensitivity of blood cells to immunoac-tive drugs and makes it possible to determine the tactics of treatment in different forms of pathology and predict the outcome of the disease. An improved method of IFN status has been proposed and scientifically justified, the indicators of which can now be considered as characteristics of nonspecific biomarkers of human immunopathology.
This review is dedicated to analysis of immunological alterations in patients with atopic dermatitis, one of the most common allergic dermatosis, and includes data about the role of cytokines and interferon system in pathogenesis of this disease.
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