Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф.Гамалеи, Москва; 2 Государственный научный центр Институт иммунологии, Москва; 3 Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии; 4 Московский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского
2 НИИ полиомиелита и вирусных энцефалитов им. М.П. Чумакова РАМН, Московская область Резюме. Попытки снизить токсическое действие полного адъюванта Фрейнда привели к созданию новых эмульсионных адъювантных композиций. Чаще всего они основаны на метаболизируемом масле (сквалене) с добавлением в качестве эмульгатора Твина 80 (полисорбата 80). Третий компонент-иммуномодулятор. Адъюванты, предназначенные для профилактики вирусных инфекций, должны включать иммуномодуляторы, поляризующие иммунный ответ в сторону Th1. Весьма перспективным с этой точки зрения адъювантным препаратом может быть приготовленный с помощью Твина 80 коллоидный раствор полипренилфосфата из хвои пихты (фоспренил). Последний, как и сквален, построен из изопреновых звеньев, но имеет их не 6, а 16, что существенно снижает его токсичность. Полученные данные показывают, что фоспренил существенно усиливает эффективность вакцинации при таких вирусных инфекциях, как клещевой энцефалит, птичий грипп, полиомиелит и поляризует иммунный ответ в сторону Th1.
Abstract. Phosphorilated polyprenols (PP) isolated from different sources are known to exert immunomodulating and antiviral activities. In this paper possible anti-inflammatory action of PP were studied using sensitive models of 5-lypoxigenase and 15-lypoxigenase activity inhibition, as well as a model of the hypostasis induced by the complete Freundt’s adjuvant, or carraginan. Also in vitro model of bronchospasm was used to study prospective broncholytic activity of PP. The latter was found to exert dose-dependent inhibitory effect upon both 5-lypoxigenase and 15-lypoxigenase activity. In the suspension cell culture significant inhibitory effect of PP upon leukotriens production was found even at a concentration of 5 mcg/ml; at concentration of 100 mkg/ml activity of the enzyme was suppressed almost to zero. In neutrophil cells cultivated on a collagenic substrate the significant inhibitory effect was also found at the concentration of 5 mcg/ml; 20 mcg/ml of PP reduced 5-LOX activity approximately 20-fold. In another protocol PP significantly inhibited 15-LOX activity. Thus, PP may be regarded as active inhibitor of both lipoxygenases. The PP exerted anti-inflammatory activity at both models of hypostasis, though it was weaker compared with indomethacin. Also PP was found to possess broncholytic activity in vitro in the bronchospasm model. Taking into account early established findings proving that PP may function as a physiological counterregulator of MIF (macrophage inhibitory factor), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, our data prove that PP possess anti-inflammatory and broncholytic activities, which might be used for development of novel drugs for preventive care and treatment of bronchial asthma, inflammatory diseases and other pathologies.
The review contains a brief analysis of the 60-year history of the discovery, study and medical application of interferons, a new group of remarkable proteins that have found wide medical application in the therapy of virological, oncological, neurological, ophthalmic and other pathologies. Modern data on the classification of interferons and the mechanisms of their action are given. Particular attention is paid to the clinical use of medications of interferon and its inducers.
Aleutian mink disease (AMD) caused by parvovirus is a real curse of the industrial mink breeding worldwide. Most minks infected with the AMD virus die, so the symptomatic treatment is aimed to extend the life of diseased minks until the fur maturation. This review contains an analysis of data obtained from the use of Gamavit (GM) and Phosprenyl (PP), which are widely used in practical veterinary medicine, including in fur animals, and have therapeutic efficacy for treating other parvovirus infections of carnivores.
Both drugs were administered to minks by mixing with feed at the rate of 0.1 ml per kg of body weight for GM and 0.05 ml per kg of body weight for PP.
In efficiency studies of the drugs on healthy animals, it was shown that they had a positive effect on the resistance of animals to adverse impacts (infections, feeding disorders, weaning). GM was most effective for increasing the fertility and number of kits per female, as well as for reducing the alimentary anemia, while PP was effective for increasing the survival rate of kits and contributed to their growth. Both drugs stimulated phagocytosis, increased SBA and SLA.
The combined use of PP and GM increased the survival rate of young animals by 7.3% and the number of kits per female by 0.45 animals, as well as increased the number of defect-free skins by 7%. In addition, it eliminated anemia and increased the level of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in minks affected with AMD, although they did not reach the lower limit of the norm. Moreover, the use of PP and GM increased the number of kits per female by 0.7 animals vs. control, while the mortality rate of young animals reduced by 9.8%.
Thus, the combined use of GM and PP in minks can increase the main natural resistance indicators (SBA, SLA levels, phagocytosis indicators, the absorption ability of peripheral blood granulocytes, the activity of natural killer cells) and significantly reduce anemia. Furthermore, the combined use of the drugs can increase the survival rate of young animals, the number of kits per female, reduce the live weight decrease in kits and increase the number of defect-free skins.
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