Purpose. To establish changes in the state of production of fodder crops under arid conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine (on the example of Mykolayiv region) and to determine the consequences for providing feed to the livestock industry. Methods. Analysis, synthesis and comparison. Results. The analysis of the state and development of production of feed crops in conditions of the South of Ukraine is carried out. Changes in the structure of sown areas have been established. Thus, in the total sown area in 2000 the share of feed crops consisted 17.1%, and in 2019 this figure decreased to 13.9 percent. At the same time, the sown area under industrial crops increased to 37.6% (by 15.8 percentage points). Changes in the structure of sown areas of feed crops, giving preference to growing grass for hay, have improved the productivity of these agrophytocenoses. Thus, in 2000, 1.27 tons of feed units were harvested from 1 ha, and in 2019 – by 48.8% more. The rate of supply of feed unit with digestible protein (from 86.6 to 116.4 g per 1 feed unit) increased by 34.4% during the studied period. Reduction in livestock during the studied period affected the supply of animal feed. If in 2000 only 0.93 tons of feed units were produced per head of cattle, in 2019 – by 15.1% more. At the same time, the level of unprofitable beef production for meat in 2019 in enterprises was 21.3%, and the population of the region was insufficiently supplied with meat and meat products, including offal and raw fat (at the level of 53.6 at the consumption rates of 83 kg per 1 person per year). Conclusions. Non-compliance with the structure of sown areas of the main groups of agricultural crops for the formation of scientifically sound crop rotations has been established. Humidification conditions have a significant influence on the formation of feed crops productivity. The level of unprofitable production of cattle for meat is quite significant, which indicates the need to optimize the feed base. Under the current economic conditions in order to develop livestock production certain measures should be taken to stop the reduction of cattle and to increase animal productivity, including using quality nutritious feeds in the quantities according to feeding rations.
It was represented the specific features of growth, development and productivity formation of spike lavender plants (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) in the conditions of southern steppe of Ukraine depending on the use of growth stimulants such as Radostim and Stimpo. It was established that lavender plants of the third year of cultivation were characterized in the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine by rather high frost resistance as 82,7 up to 98,1 %. The greatest stimulating effect on the processes of growth of lavender plants was found by the treatment of plants by Stimpo bio-stimulator: shoots formed with height from 62,4 up to 78,4 cm, bush diameter was from 60,2 up to 72,4 cm, the number of inflorescences were from 285,4 up to 352,0 PCs/bush. The optimal parameters of yield structure defined in plants of lavender by the processing with Stimpo bio-stimulator: inflorescence length was from 5,8 up to 7,4 cm, the number of rings in the inflorescence was from 5,9 up to 7,1 PCs. The treatment with bio-stimulators did not significantly effect on the number of flowers in a semicircle, this factor for studied varieties ranged from 4.2 up to 4.9 PC. It was marked differences between varieties in terms of yield structure. The Stepova variety formed inflorescences of the greatest length from 6,6 to 7,4 cm, the Sineva variety formed the largest number of rings in the inflorescence from 6,8 to 7,1 PCs, the Vdala variety formed the largest number of flowers in the semicircle 4,5-4,9 PCs. The largest lavender yield was formed in the variant with the treatment by Stimpo bio-stimulator: the Stepova variety yield was 6,6 t/ha, the Sineva variety yield was 7,6 t/ha, the Vdala variety yield was 6,0 t/ha. Increasing to the control in this variant was 1,3, 2,3 and 0,7 t/ha, respectively, for varieties. The mass fraction of essential oil in the plant raw material of lavender did not depend on the use by growth stimulants, and it differed depending on the genotype of the plant. The largest mass fraction of essential oil was determined in the Vdala variety-2,30-2,32 %, which was more by 0,38-0,40 % compared to the control. The greatest collection of essential oils noted in the variant with of the Stimpo biostimulator: the Stepova variety had 127,36 kg/ha, the Sineva variety had 142,34 kg/ha, the Vdala variety had 139,17 kg/ha. Increasing compared to control was 25,66 kg/ha, 40,64 kg/ha and 37,47 kg/ha, respectively on varieties. After processing by the Radostim preparation it was also marked stimulating effect on increasing of the productivity of lavender plants, however, the yield in this variant was significantly lower in comparison with the processing plants by the Stimpo bio-stimulator.
Ecological features of No-till technology in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine The effect of No-till technology on soil density, soil moisture reserves, soil microbiological activity, and crop yields was studied. The increase in crop yield up to 14.3-22.9% by No-till technology allowed us to draw a conclusion about optimizing soil fertility indicators in the climatic conditions of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine in comparison with traditional intensive technologies. It was shown that the introduction of No-till technology will allow improve environmental processes in the soil, reduce the anthropogenic load on agroecosystems and the manifestation of erosion processes, increase crop yields and reduce energy costs for their cultivation. Keywords: soil, No-till technology, soil density, soil moisture, fertility, yield.
In the context of climate change, agriculture must respond to new challenges – one of them is the search for and adaptation of new plant varieties in areas where they have not been grown on an industrial scale. The research aims to investigate the effect of biological treatment on the growth and development of Lavandula angustifolia under different irrigation methods to increase the efficiency of its use as an industrial crop in the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. The species L. angustifolia is primarily important as an essential oil crop and is used in the preparation of food and beverages, perfumery, medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, industry, for air purification from particulate matter in urban plantations, as a honey plant and for decorative purposes. In the research. A randomized scheme of blocks with a 2x2 factorial arrangement was used with two bacterial preparations (“Azogran A” and “Biocomplex BTU”) and two moisture levels (80-70-70% MHC and 90-80-70% MHC) in triple repetition. Plants in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year of vegetation were analysed following several factors, such as the beginning and end of the vegetative phase, the beginning of the budding phase, the flowering period, and the ratio of these indicators to the amount of heat received during the growing season. Phenotypic characteristics, green and dry mass yields, percentage of essential oils, and conditional yields were also evaluated under all the studied conditions. Overall, it was established, that the biggest stimulative effect on the growth of L. angustifolia was found when growing lavender under the irrigation regime of 90-80-70% MHC with double top dressing of plantings in the budding phase “Biocomplex BTU” – these plants were the most developed and had noticeably higher dry mass and theoretical yield. Therefore, the control of irrigation and treatment with biological products makes the prospect of industrial lavender cultivation in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine more accessible
The relevance of research on the development of biotechnology for clonal micropropagation of plants of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. is determined by the need for mass production of healthy, pure-grade planting material for the establishment of industrial plantations and the expansion of areas of essential oil crops in Ukraine. The aim of the research was to develop biotechnological methods of clonal micropropagation of essential oil plants of the Lamiaceae family – Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Mentha x piperita L., Salvia officinalis L. and Monarda fistulosa L. The task of the research was to select optimal conditions for effective cultivation of plants of the Lamiaceae family at four stages of clonal micropropagation. The main methods of research: laboratory, field, analytical, mathematical and statistical. The optimal nutrient media for the induction of in vitro morphogenesis and the multiplication stage were determined based on the basic medium of Murashige and Skoog: for L. angustifolia supplemented with kinetin (1.0 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (1.0 mg/l), for M. x piperita – with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (0.1 mg/l), for S. officinalis – with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and IOLK (0.5 mg/l ), for M. fistulosa – 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and β-indolyl-3-oleic acid (0.1 mg/l). At the stage of multiplication, it is advisable to carry out seven to eight cycles of cultivation. At the stage of rooting of microshoots, the most effective for all studied plant species was determined to be the Murashige and Skuga nutrient medium with a halved concentration of components, supplemented with β-indolyl-3-oleic acid (0.5 mg/l) and β-indolyl-3-acetic acid ( 0.5 mg/l). The optimal substrate for plant adaptation to in vivo conditions is peat: perlite in a volume ratio of 3:1. Incorporation of the developed biotechnology of clonal micropropagation into the seeding system of essential oil crops of the Lamiaceae family will allow to quickly obtain healthy pure-bred planting material and introduce new productive varieties into production
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.