Ecological features of No-till technology in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Манушкіна, Тетяна Миколаївна; Drobitko, Antonina; Качанова, Тетяна Володимирівна; Heraschenko, O.

doi:10.31521/2313-092x/2020-4(108)-6

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For instance, Agriculture 4.0, the fourth design of agrotechnologies, envisages the creation of climate-resistant agriculture, which would ensure longterm stable performance of plant production based on rational management of technological processes and nutrients with the purpose of promoting the increase in organic carbon and the growth of plants in soil and minimization of exhausts in the production processes (Prause, 2021;Navulur et al, 2017). Both domestic and foreign researchers state that this is a novel way of enlarging the volumes and quality of agricultural products via the economy of such resources as labour, seeds, fertilizers, and water (Navulur, 2017;Lins et al, 2020;Manushkina et al, 2020;Kucher et al, 2014). Obviously, the strategic development of plant production in the period of postwar rebuilding will be oriented on the implementation of smart technologies, which reduce dependence on non-renewable or ecologically harmful resources and are based on ecoagroculture, permaculture, low expenses, resource-and moistureeffi cient technologies (El Bilali et al, 2018;Quintero-Angel et al, 2018;Schnebelin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern trends in the development of plant production under agrarian crises

Shust,

Varchenko,

Krysanov

et al. 2024

Agric. sci. pract.

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Aim. To determine the consequences of the cyclic development in the agrarian sector and evaluate the shifts in the structure and the performance of plant production branches due to the course of the transformational and agrarian crises and inter-crisis periods, to disclose the specificities of anti-crisis regulation in the agrarian sector in the postwar time. Methods. Common scientific methods were applied, including historical and logical, dialectic and systemic analysis, theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, variation dynamics, comparison, grouping, indexing, and table methods. Results. The cyclic character of the development in the agrarian sector and its impact on plant produc- tion were studied, and the results demonstrated that agrarian crises are an imminent stage of this process, and their “trough” is a starting point to launch a new cycle. It was found that the prolonged nature of agrarian crises inhibited the restoration cycle so much that the temporal breaks with the cycles of previous periods decreased considerably, and the periods of their complete revolution shortened due to which the scientists distinguish just two phases of crises now instead of traditional four phases: recession and uprising. It was determined that during the transition to new forms of management, there was an obvious destruction of the material resources of plant production with the refusal to keep to the crop rotation order. Still, the redistribution of the land and their division into shares stimulated the organization of modern agrarian enterprises yet delayed the agrarian and land reforms considerably. Due to this factor and other reasons, agricultural plant production at the “trough” of the transformational crisis decreased twice. The analysis demonstrated that the restoration of plant production occurred 12 years after the institutional crisis, followed by its registered rise until the moment of the Russian aggression – up to 156 %, and the development of the industry was closely related to the cyclic character of the functioning in the agrarian sector in general. Due to military actions, the manufacture of plant products has been dropping rapidly for the past two years. It was found that the results of the basic year were achieved differently in terms of different crops: the results for grains, grain legumes, and technical crops were achieved only in 2008; for vegetables and potatoes – in 2000, the yield of sunflower constantly increased, even despite agrarian crises; the performance of sugar beet decreased more than four times in 2021; the results for fruit and berries did not match those of 1990. The main directions of restoring the agrarian resource potential and renewing the manufacture of plant products in the postwar period were suggested. Conclusions. Modern processes of agricul- tural production are subject to the cyclic character of development, the trends of which are clearly copied in the plant production development. It was proven that agriculture reached the level of 1990 by the production volumes only in 2019, and the specificity of its development lies in the fact that after a short descending trend, there was a transition to the ascending trend, improving the situation considerably, but it was often broken by the lower part (“trough”) of agrarian crises and local drops (every other year). It was found that the restoration of plant production after a deep institutional crisis was registered in 2011, and in the subsequent years, there was a clear copying of the tendencies in the development of agrarian crises, but in terms of different crops, the rises from the “trough” of the transformational crisis took place in different time periods. The evaluations confirm that in plant production, the “trough” of each subsequent agrarian crisis was higher than that of the previous one, but it was followed by the ascending trend of the production, the exception being the peak of 2021, followed by the dramatic drop, caused by the Russian aggression. It was empirically proven that the cyclicity in the manifestation of the agrarian crises is characterized by the follow- ing time periods: from 1990 to 1999 – 10 years, from 2000 to 2010 – 10 years, and there were two crises, five years long each, during the subsequent 10-year-long period. It was rationalized that the main factors of shorter time periods in the crisis manifestation are as follows: global climate change, smart technologies, and a failure to comply with scientifically grounded requirements of crop rotations, which conditioned the domination of export-oriented crops in the structure of areas under crop, etc. The priorities of the postwar restoration of the plant production industry were substantiated; among these, the time-urgent investment into the de-mining processes in agricultural fields and the quality restoration of the latter was highlighted, including the distribution of sustainable production practices, the introduction of moisture- and resource-efficient technologies, precision agriculture, smart-technologies, the measures aimed at minimizing the losses of agricultural products in the process of producing, storing the products and managing food wastes. There is a need to establish a system of reacting to the manifestations of crisis phenomena, which should be based on analytical evaluations and scientifically grounded predicted scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern trends in the development of plant production under agrarian crises

Shust,

Varchenko,

Krysanov

et al. 2024

Agric. sci. pract.

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“…It is well suited for creating alley plantations and as a tapeworm. The plant has large leaves that give a lot of shade, absorb xenobiotics and emit a lot of oxygen, and in the spring the trees bloom very well [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

Clonal Micropropagation of Paulownia in Vitro

Манушкіна¹,

Коваленко²,

ХОМУТ³

et al. 2023

agrarian

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The purpose of the article – to develop technological methods of clonal micropropagation of paulownia in vitro. Methods. Paulownia plants Paulownia Sieb. et Zucc. were the material for the research. In the course of research, generally accepted methods in plant biotechnology were used. Aseptic work was performed in the laminar box KPG-1. Murashige and Skuga (MS) were used as the basic nutrient medium for the cultivation of isolated buds and micropods. The results. The method of clonal micropropagation based on the culture of isolated apical meristems provides a high reproduction rate, maximum genetic stability and recovery of the resulting regenerating plants. The most effective scheme of sterilization of paulownia is stepwise treatment of plant material with 70% ethanol solution and 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. The yield of sterile explants was 92.5–95.0%, viability – 90.0–97.5%. At the stage of introduction into in vitro culture, the optimal nutrient medium is MS, supplemented with kinetin 1.0 mg/l and GA 0.5 mg/l, at which the reproduction rate was the highest and was 8.7–9.2. At the stage of proper micropropagation, the most intensive proliferation of shoots also occurred on the nutrient medium MS, supplemented with kinetin 1.0 mg/l and GA 0.5 mg/l, which provided the highest reproduction rate – 10.3–12.0. At the stage of rooting of micro-shoots the most optimal was the nutrient medium 1/2 MS, supplemented with a IBА of 0.5 mg/l, at which the frequency of rhizogenesis was 95.0% and formed 5.3–7.8 roots with a length of 78.5–95.2 mm. Stepwise adaptation of plants to in vivo conditions for 40 days in climatic chambers and growing in a greenhouse ensured the yield of seedlings at the level of 85.0–95.0%. Conclusions. On the basis of the carried-out experimental researches methods of clonal micropropagation paulownia in vitro, which are expedient to use for mass production of genetically homogeneous healthy planting material.

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Population dynamics of corn insect pests in Ukraine under climate change

Borzykh,

Janse,

Chaika

et al. 2024

Agric. sci. pract.

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Aim. To determine the specificities of perennial dynamics in the number of the main corn insect pests in different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine under climate change. Methods. The field, laboratory, mathematical methods were used. The materials of the phytosanitary entomological monitoring of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Con- sumer Protection (2005–2021) in the basic 161 enterprises in Ukraine’s regions using methodologically standardized annual registrations of the main harmful organisms of agrocenoses (Borzykh еt al, 2018). Six groups of the main corn insect pests were investigated: corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), wireworms (Elateridae) and false wireworms (Te- nebrionidae), cutworms (Noctuida), southern dusty surface beetle (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner), and cereal aphids (Schizaphis graminum) Rondani. The database of the Hydrometeoro- logical Center of Ukraine was used to analyze climate parameters (2005–2021). The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using MS Excel and the linear correlation-regression analysis according to Pearson, Student’s criterion was used to evaluate the reliability (probability) of the correlation coefficients. Results. The results of correlational analysis of the state of populations of the main corn insect pests demonstrated that climate change has not considerably affected the number of corn borers as well as wireworms and false wireworms in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet. A reliable moderate reverse correlation (r = –0.309) was found between the number of cutworms and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) only for the Forest-Steppe conditions – under the increase in the SET, the number of these insects was smaller. The number of the southern dusty surface beetle was in direct, reliable, moderate correlation (r = 0.335) with the SET in the Steppe, for instance, the pest responded to the increase in the SET with the rise in its number. The number of cotton bollworms in Polissia was in reliable moderate correlation (r = –0.489) with the SET. The number of cereal aphids was in a reliable moderate direct correlation (r = 0.529) with the SET in Polissia: at the increase in the SET, the number of these pests was increasing. Conclusions. Conclusions: Climate changes do not considerably affect the state of the populations of the main corn insect pests in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet: we found the correlations between the number of insect pests and the SET which did not exceed such values as weak, moderate, and conspicuous. Significant changes in the state of insect pest populations should be expected if the sum of effective temperatures during the vegetation period will considerably affect the performance and feeding qualities of the cultivated plants.

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Ecological features of No-till technology in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Modern trends in the development of plant production under agrarian crises

Modern trends in the development of plant production under agrarian crises

Clonal Micropropagation of Paulownia in Vitro

Population dynamics of corn insect pests in Ukraine under climate change

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