Comprehensive Immunological Study of Persons Vaccinated with Live Plague Vaccine Living on the Territory of the Pre-Caspian Sand Foci of the Plague in the Republic of Kalmykia
The article covers the issues related to the scientific substantiation and methodological support of immunological monitoring of persons vaccinated against plague upon epidemic indications. The problematic issues of the methodology for the assessment of immunological efficiency (efficacy) of plague live vaccine (PLV) are noted. The current tasks and possible prospects for the introduction of immunological monitoring of persons vaccinated against plague upon epidemic indications have been defined. The algorithm of efficacy estimation of plague live vaccine in vaccinated (revaccinated) persons has been tested under real conditions. Analysis of the results of efficacy evaluation of plague live vaccine among vaccinated (revaccinated) people against plague living in the territories of natural foci of this infection has been performed. Demonstrated is the possibility of using immunological monitoring results in creating an objective basis for improving the strategy of specific plague prevention in natural foci of this infection. The priority areas for further optimization of the specific plague prevention in the territories of natural foci of the infection, including those related to the formation of individual regimen revaccination tactics, taking into account the possibilities of creating modern and effective vaccines, are outlined.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ ПРЕПАРАТ дЛя СПЕцИфИчЕСКоЙ ПРофИЛАКТИКИ ТУЛяРЕМИИ
ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб», Саратов, Российская ФедерацияСконструирован экспериментальный препарат прототипной химической туляремийной вакцины (ПХТВ). В состав ПХТВ входит протективный антигенный комплекс (ПАК) туляремийного микроба и белок S-слоя (Slp) чумного микроба. Определено оптимальное соотношение компонентов и схема введения препарата. Представлены результаты испытаний его физико-химических свойств, реактогенности, специфической активности и влияния на иммунную систему лабораторных животных. Установлено, что препарат прототипа химической туляремийной вакцины не токсичен для белых мышей и морских свинок и не оказывает повреждающего действия на их иммунную систему. Однократная подкожная иммунизация лабораторных животных препаратом ПХТВ вызывает формирование напряженного адаптивного иммунитета к 14-21-м суткам: выработку специфических антител и стимуляцию клеточного звена иммунитета. Индекс защиты препарата ПХТВ для белых мышей при экспериментальной туляремии, вызванной Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, составил в среднем 87,5 %, при инфицировании F. tularensis subsp. nearctica -50 %, с высокой напряженностью иммунитета в обоих случаях. На модели морских свинок была подтверждена высокая эффективность экспериментального препарата против туляремии голарктического подвида (индекс защиты 75 %) и длительность напряженного иммунитета.
Ключевые слова: Francisella tularensis, антиген, химические вакцины.Designed is an experimental preparation of a prototype chemical tularemia vaccine (PCTV). It is composed of protective antigenic complex (PAC) of tularemia microbe and S-layer protein (Slp) of plague microbe. Determined is optimum ratio of these components in the preparation and schedule of its administration. Displayed are the results of its testing as regards physical-chemical properties, reactogenicity, specific activity and impact on the immune system of laboratory animals. It is found out that preparation of the prototype is non-toxic for white mice and Guinea pigs and has no damaging effect on their immune systems. Single-stage subcutaneous immunization with PCTV induces elaboration of high-level adaptive immunity in laboratory animals within 14-21 days: specific antibody generation and stimulation of immune system cell component. PCTV protective index for white mice in case of experimental tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, is 87,5 % on average; in case of infecting with F. tularensis subsp. nearctica -50 %; and high-level immunity in both cases. High potency of the experimental preparation against tularemia caused by subsp. holarctica (protective index is 75 %) and high-grade immunity persistence is verified on the model of Guinea pigs too.
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