547.99.992 Aqueous alkaline depolymerization of technical hydrolysis lignin (THL) was carried out with a 5% NaOH solution at a temperature of 180°C for 6 hours, the ratio between the biomass and depolymerizing agent being 1:8. The poplar wood sawdust was treated under the same conditions for 2 hours, where anthraquinone was added as a catalyst (0.5 wt %). The poplar wood bark was treated for 4 hours, without anthraquinone. Compounds contained in the aqueous phase were extracted three times by means of toluene for a ratio between the organic and aqueous phases equal to 1:5, 1:5 and 1:5. The compounds 2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, etc., were identified through GC-MS analysis in obtained extracts.
The process of tissue regeneration following damage takes place with direct participation of the immune system. The use of biomaterials as scaffolds to facilitate healing of skin wounds is a new and interesting area of regenerative medicine and biomedical research. In many ways, the regenerative potential of biological material is related to its ability to modulate the inflammatory response. At the same time, all foreign materials, once implanted into a living tissue, to varying degree cause an immune reaction. The modern approach to the development of bioengineered structures for applications in regenerative medicine should be directed toward using the properties of the inflammatory response that improve healing, but do not lead to negative chronic manifestations. In this work, we studied the effect of microcarriers comprised of either fibroin or fibroin supplemented with gelatin on the dynamics of the healing, as well as inflammation, during regeneration of deep skin wounds in mice. We found that subcutaneous administration of microcarriers to the wound area resulted in uniform contraction of the wounds in mice in our experimental model, and microcarrier particles induced the infiltration of immune cells. This was associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2, which contributed to full functional recovery of the injured area and the absence of fibrosis as compared to the control group.
The study of the stimulating effect of the microgels (MGs) based on recombinant 1F9 spidroin on the regeneration of the deep skin wound in mice was carried out. The use of spidroin MGs was shown to increase significantly the quality of healing compared to the control. The introduction of the MG in the wound edges led to recovery of all the structural elements of the skin: the epidermis, the dermis, including vascular and nervous network, in the periphery of the wound underlying muscles, and skin appendages (sebaceous and sweat glands and hair follicles) was revealed.
PAR1 peptide thrombin receptor agonist (PAR1-AP) was encapsulated in microcorpuscles based on lactic and glycolic acid copolymer. The desorption profile of the preparation was studied in vitro and its wound-healing effects were studied on a model of cut skin wound in mice. The study showed that 90% PAR1-AP was desorbed over 6 h, but the peptide was detected in eluates from the microparticle surface after 23 h. The desorbed peptide retained its physiological activity and was capable of activating PAR1 receptors on human platelets. The study of the dynamics of experimental skin wound healing in mice showed lower number of macrophages in the wounds treated with PAR1-AP microparticles compared to the control (open wounds and wounds covered with microparticles) and higher number of fibroblasts on day 3 of tissue reparation. Hence, PAR1-AP desorbed from microparticles shortened the inflammation phase in the wound. On day 7 the best healing parameters were also observed in wounds treated with PAR1-AP microparticles, which attests to shortening of the proliferation phase and acceleration of wound healing.
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