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547.99.992 Aqueous alkaline depolymerization of technical hydrolysis lignin (THL) was carried out with a 5% NaOH solution at a temperature of 180°C for 6 hours, the ratio between the biomass and depolymerizing agent being 1:8. The poplar wood sawdust was treated under the same conditions for 2 hours, where anthraquinone was added as a catalyst (0.5 wt %). The poplar wood bark was treated for 4 hours, without anthraquinone. Compounds contained in the aqueous phase were extracted three times by means of toluene for a ratio between the organic and aqueous phases equal to 1:5, 1:5 and 1:5. The compounds 2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, etc., were identified through GC-MS analysis in obtained extracts.

This work summarizes the results of multiple experiments performed in the LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas Research Laboratory related to the issue of high values of hot filtration test (HFT) of the residue H-Oil hydrocracking residual oil products. After the start-up of the new residue H-Oil hydrocracker in the LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas refinery during the second half of 2015 the values of the HFT of the vacuum tower bottom product varied between 0.01 and 8.7%. It was found that the vacuum residual oil feed source has a profound effect on the processes of sedimentation in the H-Oil hydrocracker. The processing of vacuum residual oils from Arab medium, Arab heavy, and Basrah light crudes reduced the sedimentation and allowed achievement of a higher conversion. The H/C ratios of asphaltenes from all studied feeds decreased after hydrocracking. However, the decrease of the H/C ratio was the least pronounced with the Basra light asphaltenes, while the H/C ratios of asphaltenes from the vacuum residual oils originating from the crudes Urals and El Bouri became much lower. The maltene fraction H/C ratio could become lower, the same, or higher after hydrocracking depending on the feed source, catalyst metal (vanadium) loading, or the hydrocracking unit (commercial, pilot plant, or laboratory unit). It was found that after addition of high aromatic fluid catalytic cracking gas oils the H-Oil residue HFT dropped and the dependence of the residue HFT on the concentration of FCC gas oils in the blend could be approximated by a third order polynomial. Correlations were developed to predict the H-Oil based residual fuel oil HFT from information on the base H-Oil residue HFT and the amount of added fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gas oil. The treatment of the H-Oil residual oils with commercial HFT reducers may decrease the residual oil HFT. However, the efficiency in HFT reduction turned out to depend on the nature of the H-Oil residue and on the concentration range of the HFT reducing additive. From all studied additives solely the dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) was capable of reducing the H-Oil residual oil below 0.1%. However, the treatment rate of the DBSA was an order higher than that of the commercial additives A, B, and C. DBSA was an order of magnitude more effective in the reduction of the total sediment existent, and the total sediment potential than the FCC HCO.

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