Background: Studies were carried out on two breeds of pigs - Pietrain (P), and Kemerovo (K), contrasting in composition of carcasses, and their hybrids. Objective: The purpose of this work was to establish the characteristics of the composition of lipids of intramuscular fat (IMF), back fat and serum, organoleptic qualities in animals of these breeds. Methods: Animals of 10 individuals in each group were fed on a standard feed and slaughtered with a live weight of 95-100 kg. The quality of carcasses, the biochemical characteristics of blood, the composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in meat and fat, and blood lipid peroxidation were determined. Results: Thickness on the back fat (BF) at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae with a live weight of 100 kg was 35.8 ± 1.65 mm in pigs of breed K, in hybrids - 27.6 ± 1.06, and in breed P - 19, 6 ± 1.43 mm. IMF in pigs of breed K was almost 4.5 times greater than that of breed P. IMF K breed contained 2 times less cholesterol than in P (2.34 vs. 4.68%). In the IMF, K was 2 times less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), than P, 7.82 and 15.22%, linoleic acid, 6.74% and 12.42% respectively (p <0.005).The organoleptic properties of meat and salted back fat were significantly higher in breed K (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The data obtained allow us to establish priorities in the use of products of specific breeds of pigs, depending on medical requirements.
The results of assessing the copper content in the bristles of pigs of Landrace, Kemerovo and Early maturing meat breeds are presented. The study was carried out on clinically healthy six-month-old animals in the farms of Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions and Altai Territory. The conditions for keeping animals were standard with typical feeding. Elemental analysis of pig bristle samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The data was processed using Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 8 (StatSoft Inc., USA), including nonparametric methods. A decreasing ranged series was established according to the level of copper in the hair of pigs for Landrace → Kemerovo → Early maturing meat breeds. As a ratio, it is represented as 5.1 : 4.5 : 1. Copper in the bristles of Landrace, Kemerovo and Early maturing meat breeds amounted to 44.0, 39.0 and 8.7 mg/kg, respectively. The accumulation of copper recorded in the bristles of Landrace and Kemerovo pig breeds was 5.6 and 4.5 times higher than that of Early maturing meat breed (p ˂ 0.001). The Early maturing meat and Kemerovo breeds were characterized with the homogeneity of indicators; they had the smallest interquartile range and the ratio of the extreme variants. The study using Kruskal-Wallis criterion established that the breed affects the accumulation of copper in the bristles of pigs. Differences were registered in pairs: Early maturing meat – Kemerovo and Early maturing meat – Landrace breeds (p ˂ 0.001). The most similar results of studying animals based on cluster analysis were found between Kemerovo and Landrace breeds. Early maturing meat breed is relatively resistant to copper accumulation in the bristles. The data obtained can be tentatively taken as a physiological norm for the accumulation of copper in the bristles of pigs of various breeds zoned in Western Siberia.
The immunomorphological parameters of cattle in different periods of lactation were studied. In the first 3 months of lactation, excluding 7 days of the colostrum period, 59.3 units of circulating immune complexes were found in the serum, in the middle of lactation (4–7 months) – 94.2 (p <0.05), at the end (8–10 months) – 94.1 units (p <0.05). The significant difference between the indicator in the first 3 months and in the subsequent periods of lactation is due to the fact that at the beginning of lactation the cows were not yet pregnant. In the colostrum period, a high rate of circulating immune complexes of 116.1 units (p <0.05) was determined as a consequence of a fetal prenatal immune attack on the cow's body, when the system of mononuclear phagocytes had not yet coped with the elimination of neutralization products. During the dry period, the number of circulating immune complexes was 87.6 units (p <0.05). The decrease in the indicator occurred due to an increase in the activity of mononuclear phagocytes and the absence of lactation effect on the body. The content of segmental, functionally mature leukocytes at the beginning of lactation was 39.4%, in the middle of lactation this indicator decreased to 24.8% (p<0.05), at the end it was 26.3% (p<0.05). A significant difference was found in the relative number of segmented neutrophils in the control group and in non-lactating cows in the dry period – 29.9% (p <0.05). During the colostrum period, the level of lymphocytes in the blood of animals was 62.0% (p <0.05) and it significantly differed from the control – 43.6%. In the middle and at the end of lactation, there was also a significant difference between the indicator and the control, up to 58.9–59.4% (p<0.05). A significant difference with the group of down-calving dry cows was established – 53.9% (p <0.05). In the first 1–3 months of lactation, cows are either not yet pregnant, or a close bond (placenta) between the mother and the fetus has not yet been formed, therefore a low activity of specific immunity at this time is caused by the absence of foreign fetal antigens in the blood of cows. The findings suggest that the birth process may be initiated by the immune system.
The results of the use of secondary raw materials of plant origin (pine nutshells) as a feed additive for quail breeding are presented. A review of the study of biologically active substances of Siberian pine nut shells (Pínus sibírica) and their effects on the body of animals is given. The studies were performed on Japanese quail chicks up to the age of 80 days in the conditions of a quail farm. At one day of age, three groups of chickens were formed with 40 animals in each group. The control group received the basic diet (BD), the 1st experimental group - 99.05% BD + 0.05% powder of pine nutshells, the 2nd experimental group - 99.9% BD + 0.1% powder of pine nutshells. It was found that the best results were obtained when including 0,1% of the feed additive into the basic diet: 10,44% increase in the absolute live weight gain, 7,5% increase in safety, 12,2% decrease in feed consumption. The control slaughter of the 2nd experimental group cockerels at the end of the studies confirmed the positive effect of the additive - increasing the pre-slaughter live weight by 7.98%, the slaughter yield - by 3.01% compared with the control group. The chemical composition of meat of the 2nd experimental group differed from the control by an increase in the dry matter by 4.28%, crude fat by 3.86%, a decrease in crude ash by 0.33%. Тhe amino acid composition was more complete in the content of lysine, arginine, alanine, asparagine, glutamine and the amount of essential and substitutable amino acids compared with the control group, indicating improved meat quality of the experimental quails.
The results of the effect of immunomodulating biologically active drugs on the immune response of laboratory animals are presented. To study the processes, a model of experimental Rauscher leukemia was used in mice of pure lines. The morphological changes in the peripheral blood of Bagg Albino C (BALB / c) mice with experimental Rauscher's leukemia after the use of mononuclear stem cell and Subalin preparations were studied. Groups of animals were formed for the experiment: control and three experimental (infected). The animals of the experimental groups were examined simultaneously by intraperitoneal injection of the appropriate biomaterial. It was found that the use of mononuclear stem cells and Subalin does not prolong the life of infected animals. During the observation period, all infected mice died within 11 months. After infection with Rauscher leukemia, a quantitative and qualitative change in blood cells occurs. A shift to the left was noted in the leukogram, eosinophilia and monocytosis were revealed. In the process of experimental reproduction of the chronic form of the disease, the size of the spleen of mice was estimated. An increase in the spleen was observed in the experimental group of animals infected with the Rauscher leukemia virus on the 4th week after infection. It was found that Subalin has a pronounced effect on the leveling of hematological parameters and leukopoiesis in infected mice. In the group where stem cells were used together with the antigen, a slight decrease in the number of lymphocytes and an increase in stab and segmented neutrophils were recorded. In the experimental groups with the use of mononuclear stem cells and Subalin, an increase in young cells in the leukogram was noted.
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