An infrared thermometer was first used to assess drought and heat tolerance in plant breeding more than 40 years ago. Soon afterward, this method became widely used throughout the world. However, Russia has not yet applied the described method for evaluating stress tolerance. This paper presents an overview of using infrared thermometry in plant breeding. Taking wheat as an example, it shows major advantages and disadvantages of canopy temperature depression (CTD) values measured by the infrared thermometer. The paper also demonstrates that genotypes with higher CTD values, and therefore with a lower canopy temperature, use more available soil moisture under drought stress to cool the canopy by transpiration. It refers to CTD as an integrative trait that reflects an overall plant water status. Its coefficient of variation lies in the interval of 10 to 43 %. A large number of publications illustrate a close relation between CTD values and yield and indicate a high heritability of the former. Meanwhile, the same works show that yield has a higher heritability. Moreover, some researchers doubt that CTD should be used in applied wheat breeding as there are many factors that influence it. CTD has a high correlation with other traits that reflect plant water status or their adaptation to drought or heat stress. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with CTD are localized in all chromosomes, except for 3D. These QTLs often explain a small part of phenotypic variance (10–20 %, more likely less than 10 %), which complicates the pyramiding of canopy temperature genes through marker-assisted selection. The paper concludes that the evaluation of CTD appears to be a reliable, relatively simple, labor-saving, objective, and non-invasive method that sets it apart from other methods as well as shows the best results under terminal drought and heat stress conditions.
The presence of traits with negative effects for yield in breeding samples has forced breeders to reject them in the fiel . As a result, the risk of loss of valuable genotypes has appeared. In this article, it has been proposed that traits as these can serve as indicators of high adaptiveness of a variety if, in spite of their presence, the cultivar has high yield. The aim of the research was to assess the applicability of V.A. Strunnikov's hybrid vigour hypothesis in soft wheat breeding. The experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 on the experimental field of FSSI ltai RIA. The object of research was a collection of 75 varieties and lines of bread soft wheat of different origin and groups of ripeness. Cultivars were evaluated for yield and eight more traits associated with yield. A retrospective analysis of yield from F 2 -F 4 hybrid populations in 2010-2014 has been conducted for assessment of different methods of selecting parent pairs for crossing. It has been established that crossing two high-yield varieties and high-yield varieties that have a trait with a negative effect to the donor of this trait leads to high-yield hybrid populations. In the latter case, high-yield hybrid populations that are less likely to be rejected by the 4 th generation occur at higher rates.Key words: spring soft wheat; negative effect of a trait; hybrid population; plant breeding; hybridization; yield; drought resistance.Наличие у селекционных образцов признаков с отрицательными эффектами для урожайности вынуждает селекционеров брако-вать эти образцы в поле. В связи с этим возникает риск утраты ценных генотипов. В статье делается предположение, что такой признак может выступать в качестве индикатора высокой адаптивности сорта, если, несмотря на его наличие, данный сорт обладает высокой урожайностью. Цель исследования -оценка возможности применения гипотезы гетерозиса В.А. Струнникова в селекции мягкой пшеницы. Эксперимент проведен в 2010-2012 гг. на опытном поле ФГБНУ Алтайский НИИСХ. Объектом исследования была коллекция, состоящая из 75 сортов и линий яровой мягкой пшеницы различного проис-хождения и групп спелости. Образцы оценивали по урожай-ности и 8 признакам, сопряженным с урожайностью. В качестве оценки разных способов подбора пар для скрещивания про-веден ретроспективный анализ урожайности гибридных популяций F 2 -F 4 в 2010-2014 гг. Установлено, что скрещивания двух высокоурожайных сортов и высокоурожайных сортов, обладающих признаком с отрицательным эффектом, с донором этого признака ведут к возникновению высокоурожайных гибридных популяций. В последнем случае чаще формируются высокоурожайные популяции, которые селекционер реже забраковывает к 4-му поколению.Ключевые слова: яровая мягкая пшеница; отрицательный эффект признака; гибридная популяция; селекция; гибридизация; урожайность; засухоустойчивость. e-mail: sergei.lepehov@yandex.ru Признаки с отрицательными эффектами и их значение для селекции мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.) С.Б. ЛепеховФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Алтайский научно-...
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