The aim of the study is to search for biomarkers of risk and prevention of the formation of alcohol dependence on the background of depression. Antibodies are evaluated for a number of neurotransmitters, the information content of which is confirmed by preliminary studies. Materials and methods. Autoantibodies to dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid were determined by ELISA in 60 controls and patients with depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Results. The level of antibodies to all studied neurotransmitters decreases with depression, especially complicated by alcoholism. An exception is the level of antibodies to serotonin, which increases with AUD and depression combined with AUD. Conclusion. It is assumed that this type of reaction may be a biomarker of the risk of alcoholism in depression.
In this study, we sought to assess the level of cognitive functioning in patients with comorbid alcohol dependence and affective disorder, as well as to compare the detected changes with the indicators of cognitive tests in patients suffering only from alcoholism or affective disorder. It is suggested that patients with comorbidity may have a more severe cognitive deficit than patients with a single diagnosis.Materials and methods. We examined 100 patients aged 30–50 years before treatment: 30 patients with affective disorders, 40 patients with alcohol dependence and 30 patients with comorbid alcohol dependence and affective disorder. As a control group, 30 mentally and somatically healthy individuals were examined. The level of cognitive functioning was assessed using computer tests Go/No-go, Corsi and Stroop.Results. Statistically significantly lower indicators of cognitive functioning were found in patients with comorbid alcohol dependence and affective disorder in comparison with all the studied groups.Conclusion. The data obtained in the study indicate that the presence of comorbidity of alcohol dependence and affective disorder in patients leads to a significant deterioration in cognitive functions: Executive control, working memory, attention and cognitive flexibility compared to healthy individuals, as well as patients suffering only from alcohol dependence or affective disorder.
The aim is to study the features of brain activity in patients with affective disorders, depending on the response to therapy. Material and methods. The study included 84 patients with affective disorder. All patients received syndrome-induced psychopharmacotherapy, which included antidepressants and normotimic drugs. The severity of affective disorder was assessed using the Hamilton depression scale. The criterion for the effectiveness of therapy (sensitivity) was an improvement in clinical symptoms by 50% or more, estimated using the Hamilton scale. The study was performed in two stages (points): at the first point, patients were examined upon admission to the Department before taking medications (electroencephalogram recording and filling in the Hamilton scale were performed), the second point was performed after a 4-week course of treatment of patients in the hospital (filling in the Hamilton scale). Registration and analysis of bioelectric activity of the brain was carried out using a 16-channel encephalograph. The signals were processed using fastFourier transform, and the values of absolute spectral power (mV2) for θ — (4 — 7 Hz), α — (8 — 13 Hz) and β — (14 — 30 Hz) rhythms were analyzed.Results. Analysis of the spectral power of electroencephalographic rhythms at rest with closed eyes showed statistically significantly higher values of alpha-rhythm in the frontal(p=0.044) and parietal (0.049) cortex, beta-rhythm in the frontal cortex (p=0.048) and theta-rhythm in the frontal (p=0.0004), Central (p=0.009), parietal (p=0.003) and occipital (p=0.001) cortex in patients who were not sensitive to therapy for compared to respondents.Conclusion. Our study revealed significant differences in quantitative electroencephalogram parameters between patients with affective disorders, depending on the sensitivity to the therapy. The results show that there are aspects of quantitative electroencephalogram thatare related to the response to pharmacological treatment of affective disorders.
Научно-исследовательский институт (НИИ) психического здоровья, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр (НИМЦ) Российской академии наук, Томск, Российская Федерация 2 Сибирский государственный медицинский университет (СибГМУ), Томск, Российская Федерация
РезюмеЦель: выявить маркеры устойчивости пациентов с депрессивными расстройствами к терапии антидепрессантами первой линии и построить прогностические модели эффективности терапии на основе параметров биоэлектрической активности головного мозга. Материалы и методы: обследованы 74 пациента с депрессивным расстройством. Больные разделены на две группы на основании степени улучшения клинических симптомов по данным шкалы депрессии Гамильтона: отвечающие на терапию (n = 49) и не отвечающие на терапию (n = 25). Все пациенты получали синдромально обусловленную психофармакотерапию, включавшую антидепрессанты из группы селективных ингибиторов обратного захвата серотонина (СИОЗС), в течение 28-30 дней. Проводилась запись ЭЭГ и оценка ее параметров до начала курса терапии. Результаты: обнаружено, что в группе пациентов, не чувствительных к терапии антидепрессантами, наблюдаются более высокие значения спектральной мощности тета-, альфа-и бета-ритма. На основе полученных данных была построена прогностическая модель эффективности терапии пациентов с депрессивными расстройствами. Точность данной модели составила 83,3%. Заключение: использованный в работе математический подход и полученные результаты дополняют имеющиеся в литературе данные относительно патофизиологических механизмов депрессивных расстройств и могут быть полезны в клинической практике, что, несомненно, отразится на качестве терапии.
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