The aim of the study was to determine and compare the structure of the excretory ducts of the Harderian gland, extraorbital and infraorbital lacrimal glands of laboratory rats. Object and methods. Five male laboratory rats were examined by dissecting the lacrimal glands, from which series of thin paraffin sections were obtained for histological examination. Micropreparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope.Results. It was found that the tubuloalveolar epithelial components of the extraorbital gland of rats in the middle of the lobe are even denser than in the infraorbital gland, as evidenced by very narrow interstitial fissures. The lacrimal glands of laboratory rats have an individual well-defined connective tissue capsule. Inside the capsule and between the lobes there are slitlike interepithelial interstitial spaces, in which we don`t detect clusters of lipocytes, as occurs in the lacrimal glands of human. In the volume of lobes, both extraorbital and infraorbital glands, the interepithelial interstitial spaces contain vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory tract, mainly capillaries, precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules. Arterioles and venules are usually visualized outside the lobes in more pronounced interstitial spaces.
Украинская медицинская стоматологическая академия, г. Полтава В статье показано, что от развития науки и качества подготовки квалифицированных специалистов, которые обеспечивают современный научный процесс, зависит не только здоровье нации, но и судьбы народов, населяющих Землю, и будущее самой планеты. В статье освещены этапы научной анатомии, результаты и перспективы ее развития. Выделены цели, задачи, методы и результаты собственных исследований на основе стереоморфологического метода изучения полых и паренхиматозных внутренних органов и желез. В статье приведена уникальная методика, позволяющая получать трехмерное представление о сосудах тела человека, способствующая пространственному восприятию архитектоники экстра-и интраорганного кровеносного руслаинъекционно-коррозионный метод, разработанный голландским ученым Рюйшем. Отмечено, что «изюминкой» музея кафедры анатомии человека Украинской медицинской стоматологической академии является богатая коллекция инъекционно-коррозионных препаратов внутренних органов человека и животных. Этот классический метод с учетом индивидуальных модификаций позволяет получить точную высококачественную объемную копию кровеносного русла внутреннего органа или отпечатка (слепка) стенок полого органа, пригодных для дальнейшего проведения морфологических исследований. На примере инъекционно-коррозионных препаратов кровеносного русла желудка человека были изучены особенности его стереоангиоархитектоники. В статье освещена разработанная на кафедре анатомии человека Украинской медицинской стоматологической академии методика стереологического исследования предстательной, больших и малых слюнных и слезной желез, которая имеет свое отображение в ряде научных работ сотрудников профессорско-преподавательского состава. В частности, рассмотрены результаты пластического трехмерного реконструирования на примере эпителиальных структур предстательной железы и малых слюнных, слезных желез человека Ключевые слова: анатомия, морфология, стереоморфология, инъекционно-коррозионный метод, многослойная пластическая реконструкция.
Lacrimal apparatus of laboratory rodents and, in particular, rats has been comparatively well studied. The history of its research was presented in works by Levental and Kulchitskyi (1894, 1911.). The structure of human’s lacrimal glands has being studied and completed. Much attention was paid to the drainage of tears from the lacrimal sac to nasolacrimal canal in the humans and rats, age-related changes of secretory epithelium in lacrimal glands of rats, detailed study of the major lacrimal glands in humans (palpebral and orbital lobes). Otherwise, tear-producing and tear-secreting parts of human lacrimal apparatus are understudied organ microcomplexes. This research paper descrides the morphological and functional peculiarities of tear secretion ducts under normal functioning of lacrimal glands.Rats have two paired lacrimal glands. One of glands, smaller in size, is intraorbital (infraorbital) and another, larger, is exoorbital one. Exoorbital gland is larger than intraorbital one. Ducts of these glands join before opening through common duct into conjunctival sac in the external corner of the eye. Both lacrimal glands of rats originate from common embryonic germ and perform the same function and thus, are of the similar histological structure. Moreover, they demonstrate similar spectrum of age-related changes in the morphology. Orbits of rats whithin their boundaries form one more glandular formation, Harderian glands. They release the secretion, rich in lipids and porphyrines. Some scientists report that there no glands like those in humans, but others support the idea that they are in their germinal state. Changes in rats’ lacrimal glands and in Harderian glands can serve as models for simulating diseases of human lacrimal apparatus. This modeling requires in-depth study of spatial organization of the system of excretory ducts and their terminal excretory ducts in syntopic unity with hemomicrocirculatory bed of lacrimal glands in lab rats and humans. It is also important to carry out comparative morphological and stereomorphological analysis of data received, and to describe the peculiarities of the structure of lacrimal glands in lab rats and person.
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