The purpose of the study was to reveal the essence of an integrated approach to teaching fundamental disciplines as a key factor in the professional training of medical students. Materials and methods. Analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and methodological literature were used in the study. Results and discussion. Integration significantly changes the content and structure of modern scientific knowledge, intellectual and conceptual capabilities of certain sciences. It is the most important means of achieving the unity of knowledge in the content, structural, scientific, organizational, and pedagogical aspects. Integration in the fundamental fields arose on the background of differentiation of sciences and detailing of specialties, the growing amount of knowledge and requirements for it in each individual field. Integration between academic disciplines is aimed at deepening the interconnections between subjects and is a way to improve it. The interdisciplinary integration of basic disciplines in higher medical institutions provides for a unified approach of the teaching staff of different disciplines to solving common educational problems based on the generalization of knowledge by students. Histology, cytology, embryology and human anatomy as disciplines that study the structure and morphological variations of the human body are perceived from the viewpoint of modern science as the basis of medicine, physiology and pathology, which has been gradually formed since ancient times and up to the current day. Such a close relation between the micro- and macro-structure of the body is consistent and logical in the study of two fundamental disciplines, it becomes possible to transfer theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities from one discipline to another. Creating interdisciplinary connections contributes to deeper learning and repetition of previously studied material, and properly organized integration plays both an educational and an upbringing role. The interdisciplinary integration of two fundamental disciplines such as Histology, Cytology and Embryology with Human Anatomy is a necessary component of the training of a future doctor. The use of such interdisciplinary technologies for training a doctor allows to raise him/her to a qualitatively new level of clinical thinking, capable of solving the problems of medical practice in a comprehensive manner based on the wide integration of information from various disciplines. Conclusion. Interdisciplinary integration helps to increase the professional motivation of students in the first and second years of studies in higher medical education, deepens their knowledge in specialized disciplines, activates the cognitive activity of students, promotes the formation of their competencies and improves the quality of knowledge, skills and abilities
The aim of the study was to determine and compare the structure of the excretory ducts of the Harderian gland, extraorbital and infraorbital lacrimal glands of laboratory rats. Object and methods. Five male laboratory rats were examined by dissecting the lacrimal glands, from which series of thin paraffin sections were obtained for histological examination. Micropreparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope.Results. It was found that the tubuloalveolar epithelial components of the extraorbital gland of rats in the middle of the lobe are even denser than in the infraorbital gland, as evidenced by very narrow interstitial fissures. The lacrimal glands of laboratory rats have an individual well-defined connective tissue capsule. Inside the capsule and between the lobes there are slitlike interepithelial interstitial spaces, in which we don`t detect clusters of lipocytes, as occurs in the lacrimal glands of human. In the volume of lobes, both extraorbital and infraorbital glands, the interepithelial interstitial spaces contain vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory tract, mainly capillaries, precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules. Arterioles and venules are usually visualized outside the lobes in more pronounced interstitial spaces.
The article focuses on historical background of the origin and development of a football coach-lecturer training system. It was logically ascertained that the system reveals to have durable timeline up from the end of the XIX c. until nowadays. All the crucial stages of the successful implementation of football into the educational system of Ukraine were deeply clarified.Actually, the profound interest in football as powerful means of physical education has been exposed in Western Ukraine since 1890. He was Oleksii Butovskyi, a head of training courses for physical education specialists in Cadet corps, who explored British football content and game instructions firstly in the domestic practice of physical education. The football training programme for pupils of 5–8 grades was initiated by Uzhhorod gymnasium gymnastics teacher I. Medretskyi, while E. Tsenar and H. Yordan as professors at Lviv teacher’s gymnasium presented the first programme of the football implementation in gymnasiums.The fact that training courses, produced and adopted in 1896 by Petr Lesgaft (Lesgaft Courses), became higher educational institution to master leaders and organizers in physical education was under in-depth analysis. It was also pointed out that foundation of the physical education faculties (PEF) within pedagogical institutions of higher education manifested a significant stage to solve the problem of training scientific-pedagogical staff. They actually started a regular training of physical education teachers as well as coaches-lecturers for educational institutions. The role of public organizations in training football coaches-lecturers under the up-to-date terms was thoroughly examined.
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