The study was carried out in 2014-2018 at the Tudakul reservoir, Uzbekistan. Samples included 278 European bream (Abramis brama), and 83 Amur white bream (Parabramis pekinensis). The age, total length and weight of the fish varied from 1 to 5 years, from 14 to 50 cm, from 30 to 1,405 g for the European bream and from 1 to 6 years, from 24 to 53.5 cm and 105 – 2,138 g for the white Amur bream and European bream, respectively. The relationship between total length (TL) and weight (W) is described by the equation W = 0.005 * TL3.2555 (r = 0.98) for European bream and W = 0.005 * TL3.201 (r = 0.96) for white Amur bream. Recovered average growth rate of European bream: TL1 - 13.5 cm; TL2 - 28.1 cm, TL3 - 37.95 cm, TL4 - 42.6 cm, TL5 - 48.6 cm.The average height of the Amur white bream: TL1 - 12.6 cm, TL2 - 23.3 cm, TL3 - 31.5 cm, TL4 - 37.9 cm, TL5 - 41.7 cm, TL6 - 44.2 cm. Lee’s phenomenon did not appear. All yearling fish were juvenile. In 2-year-old fish of both sexes of both species, the gonads were at stage II. Males and females of both species reached their first maturity at 3-4 years of age, when the total body length of the European bream was 30–32 cm, and the Amur white bream was 34–35 cm.
Anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening systemic reaction. The relevance of anaphylaxis in children, especially babies, is related to various clinical symptoms involving multiple organs and systems, particularly gastrointestinal system. The purpose is a comparative analysis of 8 anaphylaxis cases in children. Results. The clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis could be observed among patients in different age groups. Food allergy is the major elicitor of anaphylaxis in children. Anaphylaxis due to the cross-reactivity between pollen and food allergens is more frequent in children aged 6 to 9 years, whereas drugs and immunobiological preparations (vaccines) are the most leading triggers in adolescents. However, anaphylaxis in children is often under-diagnosed nowadays.
Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children, that significantly affects quality of life. Clinical manifestations are genetically determined and caused by skin barrier dysfunction and development of immune reactions. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by early onset, recurrence, and presence of treatment resistant forms. It is important to prescribe treatment that controls the symptoms and reduces the risk of severe forms of this disease. Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of atopic dermatitis management, although the prolonged treatment can lead to development of side effects. The treatment option, that has high efficacy and high profile of safety, is the basis for disease remission and overcoming corticosteroid phobia. Methylprednisolone aceponate meets all criteria for topical corticosteroids and has high efficacy and high profile of safety. It can be recommended for patients with atopic dermatitis from the age of 4 months. This paper shows up-to-date data on methylprednisolone aceponate, that confirm the optimized efficacy/safety profile and minimal local or systemic adverse effects. Recent studies demonstrated the efficacy of new Russian product – methylprednisolone aceponate (Komfoderm K).
The characteristics of 7 patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) aged from 1 year and 2 months to 17 years and 4 months are showed. The follow-up duration ranged from 1 to 7.5 years. Disease onset was observed at different ages: over the age of 2 years (6 patients) and at the age of 2 months (1 patient). The period between the first symptom to the diagnosis ranged from 3 months to 9 years. Only in 1 patient, the symptoms were associated with cow's milk allergy whereas in other cases the cause was not found. Allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma) were observed in 6 patients. Treatment was carried out according to clinical guidelines. Six patients were prescribed topical steroids (budesonide) and empirical elimination diet. One patient was prescribed only empirical elimination diet due to steroid phobia in parents. However, ineffectiveness of the diet was the basis for the topical steroids prescription. During follow-up a relapse of the disease was observed in 2 cases, that required repeated courses of treatment. A clinical case of EoE in a 6-year-old child including 7.5 years follow-up is described. According to the anamnesis, the patient visited a gastroenterologist 4 years after the onset of dysphagia symptoms. Endoscopy revealed cicatricial stenosis of the upper third of the esophagus (2-3 degrees). Morphological study of the esophageal mucosa, that was performed after ineffectiveness of repeated endoscopic bougienage and 5-month course of antisecretory therapy, revealed massive eosinophilic infiltration. The diagnosis of EoE was confirmed based on anamnesis, clinical symptoms, endoscopic and morphological data. An elimination diet and topical corticosteroids (budesonide) were prescribed. Following treatment, the patient showed the significant improvement. Subsequently, during the follow-up after the end of treatment, a relapse of EoE was diagnosed twice (with an interval of 2.3 years and 2.5 years), which required topical steroids (case 1) and proton pump inhibitors (case 2). This paper highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach (allergist-immunologist, pediatrician, gastroenterologist, endoscopist, pathologist) to the management of EoE in children.
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