Introduction. Ponseti method is a widespread treatment for clubfoot in children with arthrogryposis. Closed subcutaneous achillotomy in these patients could not completely rectify the equinus deformity due to tissue rigidity which often leads to reconsideration of the tenotomy principles. Aim. This study aimed to formulate the anticipating criteria to assess the effectiveness of achillotomy in order to develop a different achillotomy approach for children with arthrogryposis. Materials and methods. This study retrospectively analyzed closed subcutaneous achillotomy in 28 patients (56 feet) with arthrogryposis. The mean age of the patients was 5.4 months (range 2–8 months). The children were subdivided into two groups according to the residual equinus deformity after the completion of Ponseti serial casting. All patients were physically and radiographically examined. Results and discussion. The first group included 12 patients (24 feet), which achieved foot neutral position or dorsiflexion ≥5° after achillotomy. The second group consisted of 16 patients (32 feet) with residual equinus after achillotomy who required surgery. X-ray images showed that the patients in the second group had significantly wider tibiocalcaneal angle and smaller talocalcaneal angle in lateral view (р < 0.01). The correction values of the equinus deformity after achillotomy in the children with arthrogryposis were greatly limited: 27° (20°–30°) and 19° (10°–30°) in the first and second groups, respectively. Conclusion. Closed subcutaneous achillotomy for effective equinus elimination during clubfoot treatment by Ponseti method should be performed only after complete correction at the level of tarsal joints. X-ray examination of the feet is recommended for the children with arthrogryposis in order to evaluate the talocalcaneal divergence and heel position more comprehensively. Furthermore, the values of tibiocalcaneal and talocalcaneal angles in lateral view prior to achillotomy are essential prognostic factors of its effectiveness. Moreover, the severity of equinus contracture should be considered prior to achillotomy. Achilles tenotomy is inappropriate if equinus deformity exceeds 30°. In such cases, open surgery should be considered.
Background. Severe hypoplasia (or aplasia) of the biceps brachii is a primary cause of restriction in activities of daily living in patients with arthrogryposis. Aim. To estimate the possibility of restoring elbow active flexion via a latissimus dorsii transfer in patients with arthrogryposis. Materials and methods. From 2011 to 2018, we restored active flexion of the elbow via a latissimus dorsi transfer to the biceps brachii in 30 patients with arthrogryposis (44 upper limbs). We used different regimes including clinical examinations, EMG donor and recipient sites, and CT of the chest wall and shoulder. Results. The mean age of the patients was 4.0 ± 2.4 years, and the follow-up period was 3.2 ± 1.9 months. Follow-up results were available for 26 patients (30 upper limbs). The active postoperative elbow motion was 90.5 ± 14.9°. Elbow extension limitation occurred in 51% of cases (12.8 ± 4.3°) without any problems in activities of daily living. In total, 55.6% of patients had good results, 33.3% had satisfactory results, and 11.1% had poor results. Discussion. Our latissimus dorsi transfer results were comparable with those of other authors. Transposition of the latissimus dorsi to the biceps brachii restores sufficient flexion of the elbow without severe elbow flexion contractures. Conclusions. We suggest pedicle monopolar latissimus dorsi transfer as a reliable therapeutic option to restore active elbow flexion in patients with arthrogryposis having passive elbow flexion of 90° or higher before operation and donor muscle strain grade 4 or higher.
исПолЬЗование метода УПравлЯемого роста длЯ УстранениЯ сгиБателЬноЙ контрактУры коленного сУстава У ПаЦиентов с артрогриПоЗом: ПредварителЬные реЗУлЬтаты © С.И. Трофимова, Д.С. Буклаев, Е.В. Петрова, С.А. Мулеванова ФГБУ «НИДОИ им . Г .И . Турнера» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург Статья поступила в редакцию: 26.09.2016 Статья принята к печати: 21.11.2016 Введение. Сгибательные контрактуры коленных суставов у детей с артрогрипозом встречаются часто и значительно изменяют кинематику ходьбы, снижают эффективность передвижения или делают его невозможным . Из многообразия методов хирургического лечения -мягкотканный релиз с использованием аппарата Илизарова или без него, разгибательная надмыщелковая остеотомия бедренной кости -сложно выбрать наиболее эффективный, так как каждый метод имеет свои недостатки . Целью исследования было оценить результаты коррекции сгибательных контрактур коленных суставов с помощью метода управляемого роста у пациентов с артрогрипозом . Материалы и методы. В исследование было включено 12 пациентов с артрогрипозом со сгибательными контрактурами коленных суставов (20 коленных суставов), которым выполнялся временный гемиэпифизеодез передней части дистальной зоны роста бедренной кости с использованием 8-образных пластин . Средний возраст на момент операции составлял 6,5 ± 0,5 года (4,3-9,6) . Применялся клинический и рентгенологический методы исследования со статистической обработкой полученных данных . Результаты. Средняя величина дефицита разгибания коленного сустава до операции составляла 48,5 ± 4,04° (20-80°) . За период наблюдения от 18 до 36 месяцев после гемиэпифизеодеза дистальной зоны роста бедренной кости было отмечено уменьшение сгибательной контрактуры коленного сустава в 17 случаях (85 %) в среднем на 20 ± 2,67° (0-40°), p < 0,05 . Величина резидуальной деформации составила 28,5 ± 6,03° (0-60°) . Наиболее значительно (на 90 % по сравнению с исходной величиной) происходила коррекция у пациентов с контрактурами до 50° (p < 0,05) . В этой группе были пациенты с тяжелыми сгибательными контрактурами, которым до операции производилась попытка их коррекции гипсовыми повязками с дистракционным устройством, в результате чего величина контрактуры была значительно уменьшена . Выводы. Метод временного гемиэпифизеодеза является эффективным, безопасным и менее инвазивным по сравнению с другими методиками и может применяться для лечения детей с артрогрипозом . Сочетание гемиэпифизеодеза с дополнительными методами коррекции сгибательной контрактуры помогает значительно уменьшить ее величину, перевести ее из тяжелой в умеренную, делая тем самым лечение более эффективным и менее продолжительным, что позволяет в кратчайшие сроки достичь вертикализации пациента . Ключевые слова: управляемый рост, временный гемиэпифизеодез, артрогрипоз, сгибательная контрактура коленного сустава .Background. Knee flexion contractures frequently present in children with arthrogryposis and significantly alter kinematics of walking and reduce efficiency of ambulation or render it impossible . There are variety of surgi...
Background. In children with arthrogryposis, a lack of elbow flexion with extensor elbow contractures limits the childs self-care. Aim. The aims of this study were to follow and analyze treatment results after posterior arthrolysis of the elbow joint with lengthening (Z-plasty, according to the V-Y technique) or without lengthening the triceps of the shoulder in children with arthrogryposis in different age groups. Materials and methods. Data from 109 patients with arthrogryposis with extensor contractures in the elbow joints (158 joints) who underwent posterior arthrolysis of the elbow joint to increase passive flexion in the elbow joint from 2005 to 2018 were included in this study. Clinical, and X-ray examination of patients was carried out. Results. The children were divided into nine groups depending on their age at the time of the operation and the method of surgical correction (with or without lengthening of the triceps muscle). The follow-up period in the postoperative period in the main group of patients (67.1% of cases) was 4.5 years. Good treatment results were observed in 95.83% of children younger than 3 years who did not lengthen the triceps compared with 85.56% of children of the same age who extended the triceps tendon. The amplitude of passive movements after surgery was greatest in children younger than 1 year and was greater with lengthening (104.00 16.24) than without lengthening (91.38 10.27) of the triceps tendon (p 0.001). However, in cases where lengthening of the triceps tendon was not performed, extension was less limited. Over 3 years, m. triceps br. showed satisfactory results with Z-extension and V-Y extension, increasing to 19.44% and 36.51%, respectively. Results of treatment in children older 7 than years were comparable with those of children 37 years old. Conclusions. In children with arthrogryposis after posterior arthrolysis of the elbow joint, receiving a passive range of motion in the elbow joint allowed the child to use adaptive mechanisms for self-care. The results of treatment with extensor elbow contracture after posterior artrolysis depended not on the elongation technique (V-Y or Z-plasty) but on the angle at which the triceps tendon was sewed, the patients age at the time the operation was performed, and the postsurgery rehabilitation of the child.
Background. Clubfoot is the most common deformity in arthrogryposis and is characterized by a high degree of rigidity and a tendency to relapse. At present, no consensus exists on the issue of treatment of this pathology. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the possibilities of Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot in the younger children with arthrogryposis. Material and methods. The study was based on an analysis of treatment outcomes in 64 children (124 feet) under 3 years. 50 patients (78%) had a congenital multiple arthrogryposis, 14 children (22%) had a distal form of the disease. All the children underwent conservative treatment using Ponseti method. Results. After phased plastering by Ponseti method, the children with congenital multiple arthrogryposis aged under 1 year demonstrated correction of deformity components in 25 (48%) feet and the children from 1 to 3 years in 4 (8.7%) feet. Phased plastering in the children under 1 year with the distal form of the disease resulted in the correction in all 7 (100%) feet. In the patients with a similar form of the disease aged from 1 to 3 years, correction was achieved in 3 (23%) feet. In the cases of incomplete correction of deformity elements, when the possibilities of phased plastering were exhausted, different surgical interventions were performed. However, in neither case the surgery to remove talus was required. Conclusion. Ponseti method is most effective for the treatment of clubfoot in the children of the first year. Application of this method allows for elimination of clubfoot or significant reduction of the volume of subsequent surgery.
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