The microstructure, specific area, and mechanical properties of various samples of "nematically ordered" aerogels whose strands are almost parallel to each other at macroscopic distances have been studied. The strong anisotropy of such aerogels distinguishes them from standard aerogels, which are synthesized by solgel technology, and opens new possibilities for physical experiments.

Results of experiments with liquid 3 He immersed in a new type of aerogel are described. This aerogel consists of Al 2 O 3 ⋅ H 2 O strands which are nearly parallel to each other, so we call it as a "nematically ordered" aerogel. At all used pressures a superfluid transition was observed and a superfluid phase diagram was measured. Pos sible structures of the observed superfluid phases are discussed.

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