A program suite for one-dimensional small-angle scattering data processing running on IBM-compatible PCs under Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP is presented. The main program, PRIMUS, has a menu-driven graphical user interface calling computational modules to perform data manipulation and analysis. Experimental data in binary OTOKO format can be reduced by calling the program SAPOKO, which includes statistical analysis of time frames, averaging and scaling. Tools to generate the angular axis and detector response ®les from diffraction patterns of calibration samples, as well as binary to ASCII transformation programs, are available. Several types of ASCII ®les can be directly imported into PRIMUS, in particular, sasCIF or ILL-type ®les are read without modi®cation. PRIMUS provides basic data manipulation functions (averaging, background subtraction, merging of data measured in different angular ranges, extrapolation to zero sample concentration, etc.) and computes invariants from Guinier and Porod plots. Several external modules coupled with PRIMUS via pop-up menus enable the user to evaluate the characteristic functions by indirect Fourier transformation, to perform peak analysis for partially ordered systems and to ®nd shape approximations in terms of threeparametric geometrical bodies. For the analysis of mixtures, PRIMUS enables model-independent singular value decomposition or linear ®tting if the scattering from the components is known. An interface is also provided to the general non-linear ®tting program MIXTURE, which is designed for quantitative analysis of multicomponent systems represented by simple geometrical bodies, taking shape and size polydispersity as well as interparticle interference effects into account.

Scattering patterns from geometrical bodies with different shapes and anisometry (solid and hollow spheres, cylinders, prisms) are computed and the shapes are reconstructed ab initio using envelope function and bead modelling methods. A procedure is described to analyze multiple solutions provided by bead modeling methods and to estimate stability and reliability of the shape reconstruction. It is demonstrated that flat shapes are more difficult to restore than elongated ones and types of shapes are indicated, which require additional information for reliable shape reconsrtuction from the scattering data.

Among patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation, prasugrel did not significantly reduce the frequency of the primary end point, as compared with clopidogrel, and similar risks of bleeding were observed. (Funded by Eli Lilly and Daiichi Sankyo; TRILOGY ACS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00699998.).