The article deals with the placement of service facilities and infrastructure. The most typical statements of problems are given. It is shown that the greatest difficulty is the simultaneous consideration of budget constraints and restrictions on the relative location of objects. It is shown that the application of the method of dynamic programming, in many ways can solve these problems. A heuristic algorithm for solving the problem is proposed. The issue of determining the rational number of objects intended for placement is considered. In this case, the problem reduces to determining the matching of maximum power. A heuristic algorithm is proposed that allows you to determine the required number of objects to be placed.
A model for the selection of options for the production of work in a construction project is considered, when each option is characterized by a set of criteria. The number of analyzed options is being reduced based on the construction of the Pareto-optimal solution set. The remaining options are used to solve the problem based on the network model,\ in which the solution will be a subcritical path that meets budgetary constraints. At the same time, the proposed comprehensive indicator characterizing the preferences of the customer makes it possible to determine alternative options for performing work in the energy project in such a way that the amount of costs allocated to implement the set of work under consideration is minimal. Another statement of the problem is also considered when it is necessary to determine a strategy for the implementation of an energy project that, given a planned budget constraint, maximizes the growth of a comprehensive indicator that characterizes customer preferences in this project. The solution of the tasks is given under the assumption of the convexity of the cost function.
We consider an arbitrary set of counterparties, united either in a social network or in the field of joint activities, for example, top management of an engineering company. It is required to build a rating for each participant based on the results of mutual evaluation of the participants of the association in question, when the significance of the counterparty’s assessment will depend on how it was evaluated by other participants in the association. To solve this problem, the interaction between counterparties was modeled in the form of a graph. For each vertex, its potential was determined, and for each edge of the graph, the flow along it. Based on these data, ratings were obtained from participants in the scientific and technical council of a machine-building enterprise. It is shown that using a similar algorithm, it is possible to obtain estimates of the significance of agents in social networks when conducting marketing research.
Analysis of unsuccessful projects shows that the main reason is the violation of the time limits of the project. This implies the importance of project time management processes. It is known that measures aimed at reducing the time, as a rule, are associated with the occurrence of additional costs for performers. Naturally, the project manager must compensate for these costs, which occurs within the framework of the incentive system used. Given that engineering is a key area of the state economy, which largely determines its innovative development, it is very important to improve project management methods. It is shown how it is possible to carry out the development of a group incentive system aimed at ensuring a given value for reducing the duration of work. In this case, all the work, the duration of which must be reduced, is divided into groups and each such group has its own individual individual incentive system for all the works of this group. Naturally, such an incentive system is more expensive than an individual, but less than a universal one. The problem arises of designing group incentive systems that minimize the costs allocated to these goals.
The purpose of the study. The process of enterprise development involves the implementation of a sequence of projects, each of which has its own life cycle. One of the main tasks of the company's management is to provide conditions for each of the projects to start paying off. Given the fact that modern projects, as a rule, have a fairly long implementation period, it should be recognized that the decision to implement the project in full will probably not be the most optimal. As a rule, in this case, they prefer to divide the project into stages or, as is customary in industrial construction, into queues. Materials and methods. The formal statement of the tasks defining: the minimum number of basic representatives, minimization of terms of preparation of production of new types of equipment and minimization of time of production of basic representatives of new equipment is given. For cases of small dimension of the problem, an exact algorithm based on a complete search of options is proposed. For the case of large-dimensional problems, a compositional algorithm is proposed, which consists in dividing the entire set of products into several subsets, to each of which an exact algorithm is applied. Results. The algorithms considered are based on a threshold scheme for solving an optimization problem, when a threshold value of the creation time of one of the products is introduced, which will coincide with one of the components of the vector that sets the standard creation time of each of the products. In this case, iterative and decomposition algorithms can also be used. The case of solving this problem as a problem of partial covering of a bipartite graph is considered separately. An algorithm for obtaining a lower estimate of the problem based on the network programming method is given. Conclusion. The analysis was carried out and the procedure for selecting the basic products of a new generation of equipment was developed, which allows, depending on the conditions set by the decision-maker (LPR), to determine the basic product of the technology direction that most fully corresponds to the functional, constructive and technological features of the generation of equipment.
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