The article deals with the placement of service facilities and infrastructure. The most typical statements of problems are given. It is shown that the greatest difficulty is the simultaneous consideration of budget constraints and restrictions on the relative location of objects. It is shown that the application of the method of dynamic programming, in many ways can solve these problems. A heuristic algorithm for solving the problem is proposed. The issue of determining the rational number of objects intended for placement is considered. In this case, the problem reduces to determining the matching of maximum power. A heuristic algorithm is proposed that allows you to determine the required number of objects to be placed.
In the paper approaches of application of the theory of latent variables for the decision of some problems of management and management are offered. The peculiarity of this work is that mathematical solutions for solving problems are based on Rasch’s model for estimating latent variables.The aim of this paper is to describe a general approach to estimating latent variables using Rasch’s method, based on the method of least squares, and apply this approach to some management tasks. The tasks of applying the Rasch model to the method of organizing team, to evaluating alternatives in decision-making and to the formation of a portfolio of securities were solved.In the field of labour management, three models for organizing group tasks are considered: the formation of work teams, the case of individual performance of a group task, and the case of joint performance of group task jobs. In the field of decision theory, the model for choosing the best alternative is considered, including taking into account the weights of the criteria. We also considered the approach of obtaining estimates of alternatives using the hierarchy analysis method, in which the attractiveness vector of alternatives is computed on the basis of Rasch’s model of estimation of latent variables. In the field of financial management, a method of forming a portfolio of securities in the approach of the theory of latent variables is proposed. It is shown that, in comparison with traditional methods, the approach based on Rasch’s model has advantages: linearity of the obtained estimates, their independence and high accuracy.
The urgency of the work is determined by the need to develop new approaches to the assessment process and to increase the level of competence of the teaching staff of the institution, which is the most important factor of its competitiveness. The object of the study is the management system of the teaching staff of the higher education institution. The subject of the study are the models and methods of managing the level of competence of the faculty.Research objective is to increase the level of competence of the higher-education teaching personnel.The methods of system analysis, mathematical programming, graph theory are used in the paper.
The relevance of the study of mycoses is increasing due to their widespread distribution. Field experiments were carried out on sites in the region with short daylight hours (Dagestan) and long daylight hours (Volgograd). Fungal diseases were investigated on crops with short daylight hours: cucumber, pepper, and cotton according to the methods generally accepted in phytopathology. The species composition of aboriginal and exotic infections was revealed. Each culture under conditions of long daylight hours is characterized by damage by 4-5 species of fungi. The manifestation of exotic infections is observed at the beginning of the growing season at the seedling stage. The role of the introduction of short-day plants to the northern regions in the spread of exotic species of pathogenic fungi is shown. The species composition of fungi on crops in the study areas was found to be identical. They belong to different biological groups, but saprotrophs, biotrophs and hemibiotrophs predominate. It was found that Fusarium lolii (Wm.G. Sm.) Sacc and Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn (on cotton) and Verticillium dahliae Kleb and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. moved to new areas together with seeds. Kuhn (on pepper). These species are capable of causing epiphytotics at the beginning of the growing season with a low natural infectious background. The accumulation of native species of infection in the lands adjacent to the fields during the cultivation period leads to the appearance of epiphytoties in the second half of the growing season. First of all, the assimilation apparatus, flowers, ovaries and fruits are affected.
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