In experiments on Wistar rats, it was shown that the prophylactic administration of melatonin at a dose of 5 mg/kg helps to reduce the manifestations of toxic coagulopathy, preventing the development of micro- and macrohemodynamic disorders in rats with chronic cadmium intoxication. Correlations between changes in indicators of the hemostasis system with the restoration of linear and volumetric blood flow rates and a decrease in the Pourcelot peripheral resistive index were revealed. These effects correlated with a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood under the influence of melatonin. The results of the experiments suggest further studies on using melatonin for the prevention and correction of the procoagulative and pathocirculatory effects of cadmium.
Purpose: To examine the possibility of using vitamin E for the correction of free radical oxidation disorders and haemodynamic effects of potassium bichromate. Methods: Experiments were performed in 90 male Wistar rats; the study included 9 experimental groups. Vitamin E and sunflower oil (control) were injected daily intragastrically through an atraumatic tube into the stomach. At the end of the experimental period (30 days and 60 days), the main parameters of systemic hemodynamics and values of lipid peroxidation were measured. Differences between groups were analyzed using Student’s t-test. Results: The analysis of basic parameters of systemic haemodynamics showed that PO administration of potassium bichromate promoted an increase in mean arterial pressure due to the increase in normalized peripheral vascular resistance (systemic vascular resistance, SVR). At the same time there was a decrease in the stroke volume index. The haemodynamic effects of chromium were more pronounced with prolonged administration. Parameters of systemic hemodynamics in combined administration of potassium bichromate and sunflower oil changed similarly to the effects of combined administration of the metal and vitamin E, but changes were less pronounced. A decrease in SVR and the restoration of the stroke volume index were observed. The isolated administration of the metal for thirty days resulted in an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) accompanied by a stimulation of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. During prolonged (2 months) isolated administration of potassium bichromate, a more pronounced increase in LPO was observed along with the depletion of the antioxidant system. The prevention of chromium intoxication using vitamin E during the first month of administration reduced lipoperoxidation phenomena accompanying increased antioxidant defense activity. These dynamics persisted after two months of the combination of vitamin E and potassium bichromate. Conclusions: The intragastric administration of potassium bichromate for 30 and 60 days resulted in arterial hypertension in a rat model. The administration of toxic doses of potassium bichromate to laboratory animals may lead to the activation of lipid peroxidation. The administration of vitamin E may attenuate the haemodynamic effects of chromium intoxication and the activation of lipid peroxidation.
М едь, как и большинство тяжелых металлов, относится к жизненно важным микроэлементам и в физиологических концентрациях принимает участие в многочисленных окислительно-восстановительных реакциях [6]. однако избыточное поступление меди в организм приводит к развитию ряда морфофункциональных изменений внутренних органов. известно, что тяжелые металлы, в том числе и медь, обладают выраженной тропностью токсического влияния на сердечно-сосудистую систему,
The high level of anthropogenic environmental pollution in urban areas leads to the accumulation of the body and the development of diseases. In connection with the foregoing, the study focuses on the features of changing the parameters of systemic hemodynamics in conditions of combined and isolated administration of cobalt and zinc salts. Cobalt chloride (4 mg/kg) and zinc (20 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to Wistar rats via an atraumatic probe daily for one month. Blood pressure was determined by catheterization of the femoral artery. The catheter was filled with a 10 % heparin solution and connected to the DDA electrometer of the monitor MX-04 (Russia). Minute blood volume was measured by thermodilution, for which an MT-54M thermistor was inserted through the left common carotid artery into the aortic arch. A saline solution of fixed room temperature with a volume of 0.2 ml was injected into the right atrium through a catheterized right yarmine vein. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI) and specific peripheral vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. The concentration of ionized calcium was determined using an AEK-01 electrolyte analyzer (Russia). The concentration of total calcium was determined spectrophotometrically using the sets "Calcium Arsenazo", "LLC" "Agat-Med" (Moscow, Russia). The cobalt content was determined after preliminary sample preparation on a Kvant-AFA atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Russia). Studies have shown monthly intragastric administration of cobalt or zinc chloride can observe hypokinetic arterial hypertension. According to the analyses zinc weakens the pathogenic effect of cobalt on the parameters of systemic hemodynamics within their combined introduction. The study also revealed that cobalt with increased intake accumulates in bone tissue, leading to its decalcification, while the content of ionized calcium increases in the blood.
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