Introduction: MDR/RR-TB is a growing problem in Kyrgyzstan. In 2005, the country introduced standard or individualized treatment for 20-24 months. Because of poor treatment outcomes, in 2017 a short treatment with strict eligibility criteria was introduced. The aim of this study was to compare characteristics and treatment outcomes of MDR/RR-TB patients receiving short (9-12 months) treatment in 2017 with those receiving standard or individualized (20-24 months) treatment in 2016/2017. Methodology: A comparative cohort study using routine programmatic data. Characteristics, sputum culture conversion and treatment outcomes were compared between those on short treatment with those on standard/individualized treatment using the chi-square test, crude and adjusted risk ratios (RR and aRR). Results: The study included 274, 82 and 132 patients on standard, individualized and short treatment, respectively. There were more females, fewer migrants/homeless and unemployed and more new TB patients on short treatment compared with the other two groups. A favorable outcome (cure and treatment completed) was significantly higher in short treatment patients (83%) compared with those on standard (50%) or individualized (59%) treatment (p < 0.001). There was higher 1-month sputum culture conversion with short treatment (35%) compared with the other two groups (19% and 24%, p < 0.05). Short treatment (aRR 1.6, 1.4-1.8), female gender (aRR 1.2, 1.1-1.4), not being homeless (aRR 12.9, 4.5-17.3) and having new TB (aRR 1.3, 1.0-1.5) were independently associated with a favorable outcome. Conclusions: The treatment success was higher in selected MDR-TB patients given short treatment in Kyrgyzstan: this regimen should be scaled-up to all MDR-TB patients.

The review analyzes the evidence base presented in scientific publications, which proves the importance of selenium for normal functioning of the thyroid gland. Presented data have connections with the involvement of selenium in the formation of thyroid hormones, their distribution in organs and systems, and peripheral metabolism. The role of the main selenoproteins participating in these processes is specified. The data of PubMed on the availability of selenium to residents of European countries is given, which is mainly estimated as suboptimal, but in a number of countries as insufficient. The author cited the results of her own studies of the level of selenium in the hair in certain groups of female patients and thyopathology, living in different regions of Ukraine. Based on the literature review and own observations, the author focuses on the relevance of the problem of selenium deficiency in Ukraine and on the need to expand research in this direction, because today there are opportunities with selenium-containing drugs to increase the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of various thypathology.

The article is devoted to the issues of future English language teachers' life skills development. The authors prove the topicality of life skills development and their role in the professional competence of a teacher. It is stated that there are no researches on the whole complex of life skills in the methodological bank of a teacher. The skills under consideration are as follows: intercultural awareness, communicative skills, teamwork skills, time management skills, critical thinking skills, ability to solve problems, information literacy skills, creativity. In the article the experimental course of English Language Teaching Methodology is presented as the one which is crucial in future teachers' professional education. The sessions within the experimental curriculum help students to develop their life skills. The results of methodological experiment presented in the article emphasise its connection with contemporary requirements to the teacher professional competence in general and according to the Concept of New Ukrainian School in particular.

Background. Anemia is one of the thyroid deficiency manifestations, more often iron deficiency. The combination of hypothyroidism and anemia is an additional factor complicating the life quality of patients and requiring of adequate preventive measures.Purpose of the study was to establish the peculiarities of iron deficiency anemia in women with hypothyroidism that arose against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) or after surgical treatment of nodular nontoxic goiter (NNG).Materials and methods. Thyroid status was assessed in 40 women with anemia on the background of hypothyroidism due to AIT (n = 28) and after surgery for NNG (n = 12) by the level of thyroid stimulating hormone and bound tetraiodothyronine, antibodies to thyroperoxidase. Anemia and its severity were determined by the blood hemoglobin level, number of red blood cells and color indicator.Study results. Level of thyroid stimulating hormone was increased in women of both groups on the background of levothyroxine in an individually selected dose, and it was significantly higher in group with postoperative hypothyroidism. Level of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase testified to the pronounced activity of antithyroid immunity in the group with AIT. Hemoglobin level in both groups ranged from 92 to 116 g/l, which according to WHO criteria corresponded to mild anemia. It was significantly lower than with postoperative hypothyroidism against the background of AIT, despite the best compensation for hypothyroidism. Color index in both groups was reduced, that is typical for hypochromic anemia, which includes iron deficiency anemia.Conclusions. Effectiveness of levothyroxine treatment in individually selected doses in women with a combination of hypothyroidism and anemic syndrome is higher at autoimmune thyroid pathology than after surgery for NNG. Active autoimmune process in women with hypothyroidism on the background of AIT is associated with more manifest anemia than in women with postoperative hypothyroidism as a result of NNG.

IntroductionModern selfie-infatuation extent went far beyond fashion and subculture causing distinct tendency to non-chemical addiction state transformation requiring evidential scientific identification.Aims and objectivesTo develop clinical-psychological and classification basis for new type of gadget addiction (selfie-mania), prevention and approaches to mental correction and rehabilitation.MethodSelfie attitude testing of 157 respondents-students, and internet resources topical data analysis were done.ResultsBehaviour models were rubricated, design and content, causes, clinical-psychological description, selfie-phenomenon prevalence were clarified. It allows to state selfie-addiction specific key symptoms, conforming to ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for addiction states:– psychological and emotional supercomfort feeling during realizing selfie-interventions (substantional analogue of euphoria phenomenon caused by psychoactive substances in narcology);– desire for permanent updating and layouting in social networks selfie-portraits, selfie-positions (impulse control disorder analogue);– selfie-modifying need causing adrenaline extreme and life threat (analogues: compulsive craving, megadoses, overdosages, amnesias);– obsessive craving to increase daily number of selfie-shots (tolerance syndrome analogue);– constant foreshortening change of selfie-interventions (analogue: experimentation with different psychoactive substances, searching behaviour);– selfie-destruction psychopathological consequences (neurotism, mental and behavioural disorders, group pattern of behavioural selfie-deviations);– formation of associated comorbid chemical and other substantional addiction forms;– selfie-deprivation syndrome (analogue: alcohol or drug withdrawal syndrome);– interdisciplinary range of problems (professional sphere of study for sociologists, psychologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, narcologists, psychotherapists, sexopathologists, lawyers).ConclusionsSelfie-addiction problem recognition is necessary on the level of inclusion to ICD, that will allow to develop scientific, legal and clinical base for integrated prevention, rehabilitation and treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.