The article deals with the study of a balanced agroecosystem on the production of crop products, livestock products and biofuel with respect to its energy autonomy with ensuring its environmental safety. The structure of straw use in agroecosystem and its influence on humus balance and level of electric and thermal energy supply is investigated. The balance of humus in crop rotation was chosen as the criterion of ecological safety. The criterion of energy autonomy is the level of providing the agroecosystem with electric energy and thermal energy through the use of biofuels of its own production. The coordination of environmental safety, energy autonomy and economic efficiency was taken as the basis for the functioning of the agroecosystem. In a balanced agroecosystem on the production of crop products, livestock products and biofuel up to 41% of straw should be used to maintain the balance of humus in the soil. Up to 22% of straw can be used to produce heat and electricity for own needs. Up to 37% of straw can be used to produce electricity for sale according to the green tariff.
Agricultural business depends not only on financial and economic factors, but also on natural and climatic conditions, which necessitates continuous development, which is based on adaptation to unpredictable and random conditions of the internal and external environment. The goal is to develop a methodological approach to assessing agricultural business system flexibility, which will provide an opportunity to study the ability of agricultural producers of various sizes to adapt to unpredictable changes, taking into account the internal and external environment. On the basis of a comparative analysis of modern approaches to the definition of flexibility, a definition of the concept of "flexibility of business systems" is proposed. The method of evaluation of agricultural business system flexibility has been developed that includes operational, structural, and strategic flexibility.
The article provides substantiation to the fact that ensuring food security of the state is an important component of its socioeconomic policy and a key indicator of the effectiveness of the national strategy in the local and global context. It has been proved that identification of risks and threats to food security in a timely manner makes it possible to assess the current trends of its main indicators and to further forecast them in a rapidly changing market environment. It has been identified and methodically supported that the system of risks and threats to food security is complementary related to the possibility of negative changes in its level, because the more likely the possibility of adverse changes, the higher the level of risk. It has been proved that the process of identifying food security risks should be based on the results of the analysis of the factors that cause them. Methodological steps in the context of risk assessment of the country in terms of the loss of food security have been identified: 1) systematization of food security indicators from the standpoint of risk management; 2) identification of all factors/threats that may cause adverse changes in indicators; 3) assessment of the possibility/probability of negative changes in food security indicators due to each of the identified factors/threats. The system of risks is determined from the standpoint of taking into account the sphere of formation and realization of resource potential, the sphere of food production, and the sphere of food distribution and consumption. A methodological approach to the calculation of the risk of negative fluctuations of food security indicators in the context of estimating the corresponding coefficients of semi-variation has been proposed. Strategically important types of agricultural products have been selected for the study, namely grain crops and legumes, sunflower, vegetables, meat and milk. In general, the calculations have shown an increased risk of negative fluctuations in the affordability of domestic food products against the background of intensification of internal and external threats to food security of Ukraine. The integrated risk coefficient for agriculture at large is 14.03 (the risk coefficient of crop production is 15.37, for animal husbandry 7.04).
E d i t o r i n c h i e f ZHURINOV MuratZhurinovich, doctor of chemistry, professor, academician of NAS RK, president of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, general director of JSC "Institute of fuel, catalysis and electrochemistry named after D.V. Sokolsky» (Almaty, Kazakhstan) H = 4 E d i t o r i a l b o a r d: ABSAMETOV Malis Kudysovich, (deputy editor-in-chief), doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor, academician of NAS RK, director of the Akhmedsafin Institute of hydrogeology and hydrophysics (Almaty, Kazakhstan) H = 2 ZHOLTAEV Geroy Zholtaevich, (deputy editor-in-chief), doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor, director of the institute of geological sciences named after K.I. Satpayev (Almaty, Kazakhstan) Н=2 SNOW Daniel, Ph.D, associate professor, director of the labotatory of water sciences, Nebraska University (Nebraska, USA) H = 32 Zeltman Reymar, Ph.D, head of research department in petrology and mineral deposits in the Earth sciences section of the museum of natural history (London, England) H = 37 PANFILOV Mikhail Borisovich, doctor of technical sciences, professor at the Nancy University (Nancy, France) Н=15 SHEN Ping, Ph.D, deputy director of the Committee for Mining geology of the China geological Society, Fellow of the American association of economic geologists (Beijing, China) H = 25 FISCHER Axel, Ph.D, associate professor, Dresden University of technology (Dresden, Germany) H = 6 KONTOROVICH Aleksey Emilievich, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor, academician of RAS, Trofimuk Institute of petroleum geology and geophysics SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia) H = 19 ABSADYKOV Bakhyt Narikbaevich, doctor of technical sciences, professor, corresponding member of NAS RK, Bekturov Institute of chemical sciences (Almaty, Kazakhstan) H = 5 AGABEKOV Vladimir Enokovich, doctor of chemistry, academician of NAS of Belarus, honorary director of the Institute of chemistry of new materials (Minsk, Belarus) H = 13 KATALIN Stephan, Ph.D, associate professor, Technical university (Dresden, Berlin) H = 20 SEITMURATOVA Eleonora Yusupovna, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor, corresponding member of NAS RK, head of the laboratory of the Institute of geological sciences named after K.I. Satpayev (Almaty, Kazakhstan) Н=11 SAGINTAYEV Zhanay, Ph.D, associate professor, Nazarbayev University (Nursultan, Kazakhstan) H = 11 FRATTINI Paolo, Ph.D, associate professor, university of Milano-Bicocca (Milan, Italy) H = 28 News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of geology and technology sciences.
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