Целью работы является оценка технического состояния металлоконструкций ворот и затворов судоходных шлюзов, подверженных, в процессе эксплуатации, коррозионному изнашиванию. Определены расчетные сечения и действующие нагрузки. Использованы классические методики расчета напряженнодеформированного состояния в упругой зоне и результаты натурных измерений, в том числе ультразвуковой толщинометрии остаточной толщины металла силовых элементов и упругой их деформации. Получены расчетные зависимости, позволяющие оценить изменение напряженно-деформированного состояния силовых элементов металлоконструкций ворот и затворов судоходных шлюзов при различных значениях их коррозионного износа по величине прогиба под напором. Отмечено, что одним из способов повышения надежности и точности оценки напряженно-деформированного состояния элементов расчетными методами может рассматриваться их дублирование результатами непосредственных измерений уровня приложенных напряжений.
The research is execute on the example of the main gate of the upper head of the locks No. 25-26 of the Saratov Hydraulic project of the Federal State-Funded Institution «Administration of the Volga Basin». Follows from results of earlier executed researches that the main destructive processes of aging reducing technical condition of gate and locks of navigable hydraulic engineering constructions are corrosion and corrosion and fatigue damages of their elements which realization is establish on separate elements of the studied metalwork. Use as the diagnostic parameter of size of corrosion wear of elements at high degree of roughness of their surface because of impossibility of his measurement with a necessary accuracy and lack of correlation at this operational phase of a metal construction with process of corrosion and fatigue process of the damage defining actual state of gate is incorrect. In process, growth of size corrosion wear elements the deflection gate which is the integrated indicator characterizing their elastic deformation will increase. The provide value of the allowed deflection of lifting and lowering gate under a pressure can't be considered now as the indicator correlating with change of a condition of their elements in time. The possibility of use of the provide value of an admissible deflection of gate as the diagnostic parameter of their technical condition is considered. Analytical evaluation of change of size of a deflection of lifting-gate from a hydrostatic pressure at various values of corrosion wear of their elements is execute. The discrepancy of the standard allowed values of a deflection of the lower girder of gate to the size of corrosion damage of their power elements is established. The field of possible realization of process of corrosion fatigue damage of power elements of the considered metalwork is define. The results presented in work can be used for correction of the established criteria values of indicators of safety for the considered metalwork of gate. The stated technique of check of a possibility of use of an indicator of a deflection of the lower crossbar of lifting-gate under a pressure as the diagnostic parameter of their technical condition can be used when checking efficiency of other diagnostic indicators of elements regulated by the specifications and technical documentation of the mechanical equipment of navigable hydraulic engineering constructions both operated, and designed.
In this paper a presents the results of a study of the possibility of preventing the failure of elements of mechanical equipment of water transport hydraulic structures, in particular navigable locks, as a result of the course of destructive aging processes. At present, technical diagnostics of mechanical equipment is carried out to prevent the implementation of such failures, including using methods and means of nondestructive testing. The methods used to control the technical condition of the elements of mechanical equipment generally meet modern requirements. Their use makes it possible to ensure the safety of structures with the available intensity of shipping traffic. As a result of the performed analysis of failures and damages of elements of the mechanical equipment of navigation locks it is established that one of the main aging processes is fatigue (corrosion-fatigue) damage, in particular, low-cycle fatigue. The analysis of the assessment of the technical condition of similar products abroad showed the identity of the aging processes of the elements and the directions for their timely detection. The paper presents a calculated dependence, which can be used in assessing the technical state of the elements of mechanical equipment, including when determining their remaining life time. As a result of the calculation and full-scale studies, laboratory and experimental tests, there is a high anisotropy of the enlarged elements of mechanical equipment for the distribution of mechanical stresses from the applied loads, as well as the dependence of the probability of damage from the strain-stress state of the site. In the final part of the work, proposals have been developed on the formation of rational systems for monitoring the technical condition of the elements of the mechanical equipment of navigation locks, taking into account the actual capabilities of the non-destructive testing methods used, as well as existing and prospective physical methods for estimating the strain-stress state.
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