Certain possibilities and features of ion beam diagnostics of thin film epitaxial and nonoriented structures are discussed. The main advantage of this technique (its ability to determine the element concen tration profile across the target depth of several micrometers without destroying the target and the need to use standards) is illustrated by real examples. A brief description of the Sokol 3 ion beam analytical complex, a basic tool for the ion beam sounding of materials, is given.
The direct and converse magnetoelectric (ME) effects in a flexible structure containing a mechanically coupled layers of amorphous ferromagnet FeBSiC and a piezo-polymer layer of polyviniledene-fluoride (PVDF) are investigated. The mutual transformation of magnetic and electric fields in the structure arises due to a combination of magnetostriction and piezoelectric effects in the ferromagnetic and piezoelectric layer, respectively. The ME effects were induced by exciting the structure with alternating magnetic fields of 0-100 kHz frequency and 1 -5 Oe amplitude, or alternating electric fields of amplitudes up to 500 V/cm in the presence of a constant H field. For the direct ME effect the conversion coefficient reached 7.2 V/(cm•Oe) at a bending resonance frequency of 412 Hz and 44 V/(Oe•cm) at a planar resonance frequency of 25.15 kHz. Increasing the excitation magnetic field at the bending resonance frequency, the nonlinear second harmonic generation with an efficiency of 0.24 V/(Oe 2 cm) was observed. For the converse ME effect, the conversion coefficient at the planar resonance frequency was 0.09 G•cm/V. The dependences of the efficiencies for the direct and converse ME transformations on the constant field and the amplitudes of the excitation fields are well explained by theory. These results could be used to develop magnetic and electric field sensors, as well as autonomous energy harvesting sources.
The published during last few years data concerning communicative role of lectins (proteins and their complexes which recognize carbohydrates, glycoconjugates and their patterns) in on-duty supporting and increasing anticancer status of human immunity are analyzed. Examples of lectin-(glycoconjugate pattern) strategies, approaches and tactic variants in study and development of anticancer treatments, principle variants of therapy, possible vaccines in 35 cases of blood connected tumors (leukemia, lymphomas, others), solid tumors (carcinomas, sarcoma, cancers of vaginal biotopes, prostate, bladder, colon, other intestinal compartments, pancreas, liver, kidneys, others) and cancer cell lines are described and systemized. The list of mostly used communicative lectins (pattern recognition receptors, their soluble forms, other soluble lectins possessing specificities of importance) involving in key intercellular cascades and pathway co-functioning is presented. The regulation of resulting expression of distinct active lectins (available and hetero/di/oligomeric forms) and their interaction to adequate glycoconjugate patterns as well as influence distribution of co-functioning lectins and antigens CD between populations and subpopulations of antigen-presented cells (dendritic cells cDC, mDC, moDC, pDC; macrophages M2 and M1), mucosal M-cells, NK-cells play key role for choice and development of anticancer complex procedures increasing innate and innate-coupled immune responses. Prospects of (receptor lectin)-dependent intercellular communications and targeting glycoconjugate constructions into innate immunity cells for therapy of cancer and development of anticancer vaccines are evaluated and discussed.
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