In 2015-2017, the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS studied the dependence of protein content on growing conditions and genotype and evaluated its biological value for food production. Seventy barley lines and cultivars belonging to different varieties and originating from different eco-geographical regions were the test material. It was established that under the similar weather conditions of 2015-2017 the protein content in grain of spring barley accessions insignificantly depended on the cultivation conditions and was mainly determined by the genotype. In naked barley accessions, this parameter was significantly higher (12.05-15.46%) than that in chaffy ones (10.91-13.82%). Among the chaffy cultivars, Rezerv was the only cultivar with the protein content significantly exceeding the average throughout the experiment (13.82%); as to naked cultivars, 11 of 16 cultivars had protein contents higher than the average. In six-row barley, both in chaffy and in naked accessions, the protein contents were lower those in two-row barley. Cultivars Parnas and Berkut were singled out by protein digestibility as an index of biological value (69.80 and 74.20 mg of tyrosine per g of protein, respectively). Berkut was created by selecting from a hybrid population Parnas / Omskiy Golozyornyy 1, therefore, Parnas is a possible source of highly digestible protein, which may be of interest in barley breeding for the production of baby and dietary foods.
Purpose and objectives. To establish the gene interaction types in the performance inheritance, to evaluate the combining abilities and effects of genes for this trait in spring barley accessions. Materials and methods. We investigated 75 F1 spring barley hybrid combinations derived from crossing 25 female forms with three male ones (chaffy and naked). Crossing was conducted in accordance with topcross design. F1 seeds and parents were sown with a cassette breeding planter SKS-6A. Grain pea was the forecrop. The plot area was 0.20 m2. The interrow distance was 0.20 m; the inter-plot tracks were of 0.50 m. Crossings were performed in two replications. Plants were harvested manually, with roots. For structural analysis, 20 typical plants were chosen from each F1 hybrid population, and the performance inheritance was determined by dominance degree (hp). The obtained data were grouped and gene interaction types were determined as per G.M. Beil and R.E. Atkins’s classification. Using two-factor analysis of variance in STATISTICA 10, we found significant differences between the GCA and SCA variances for the performance and evaluated the combining ability effects. Results and discussion. In 2019–2020, the features of 22 spring barley cultivars and three lines were described in terms of the gene interaction types in the performance inheritance and combining ability. On this basis, the prospects of biotype selections were evaluated. In the arid conditions of 2019, F1 only showed positive over dominance, while in favorable 2020 the inheritance types varied from positive to negative overdominance. In the two years, the general combining ability was high in female cultivars Khors and Troian. The male components did not show consistently high GCA for the both years. Hybrids between accessions with a high GCA and accessions with a lower or intermediate GCA may be promising in breeding due appearance of positive transgressions in the offspring. In 2019, the SCA effects were significantly strong in female forms Troian, Datcha, Gladys, Grace, Gatunok, Modern, and Herkules and in male forms Ahrarii and Scrabble. Conclusions. The study found that the gene interaction types in the spring barley performance inheritance depended on cross combinations and growing conditions. In unfavorable 2019, F1 only showed positive overdominance (heterosis), while in favorable 2020, positive overdominance, positive dominance and intermediate inheritance were observed. In 2019–2020, the high GCA was seen in female cultivars Khors and Troian. The strong SCA effects were noticed in female components Troian, Datcha, Gladys, Grace, Gatunok, Modern, and Herkules and male forms Agrarii and Scrabble. The hybrid combinations with the maximum probability of producing transgressive segregants have been selected
Our purpose was to determine the value of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars and lines in terms of yield and its stability. The GGE biplot analysis of competitive cultivar trial data was used. Due to the GGE biplot, the relationships between the barley cultivars and lines under investigation with the environment (years of their cultivation) were visualised. The mega-environment of 2018 and 2020 was the most optimal one for yields from the cultivars, especially Grace, Amil, Troian and Talisman Myronivskyi, while the 2019 environment for Avhur, Margret and Khors. The GGE biplot ranking graphically described the genotypes by average yield and its stability over the three years: Grace, Margret, Amil, Troian, Datcha, Avhur, Khors, Ahrarii, Talisman Myronivskyi and Herkules were high-yielding cultivars; naked cultivars Merlin, Gatunok and Akhiles gave the lowest yields; Grace, Gladys, Gatunok, Yavir, Kontrast and Khors were highly stable cultivars; Amil, Avhur, KWS Bambina and Rezerv were low stable. Of the high-yielding cultivars, Grace and Khors were the most stable ones. The GGE biplot also visualised the comparison of the genotypes with the hypothetical ‘ideal’ genotype by the highest ‘breeding value’: Grace was the best (5.43 t ha–1), Troian was the second best (5.31 t ha–1), followed by Margret (5.27 t ha–1), Avhur, Ahrarii, Krechet and Herkules (5.00–5.22 t ha–1). As a conclusion of the identified patterns, we established the practical and breeding value of the high-yielding and stable cultivars, Grace (5.43 t ha–1) and Khors (5.22 t ha–1), for conditions of different years, as well as the high-yielding and highly responsive cultivars, Amil (5.37 t ha–1) and Avhur (5.22 t ha–1), for the most optimal growing conditions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.