Scandium radioisotopes are increasingly considered viable radiolabels for targeted molecular imaging (Sc-43, Sc-44) and therapy (Sc-47). Significant technological advances have increased the quantity and quality of available radioscandium in the past decade, motivated in part by the chemical similarity of scandium to therapeutic radionuclides like Lu-177. The production and radiochemical isolation techniques applied to scandium radioisotopes are reviewed, focusing on charged particle and electron linac initiated reactions and using calcium and titanium starting materials.

Ga-68 is a positron-emitting nuclide that has recently achieved clinical acceptance as the diagnostic radionuclide in PET tracers used for theranostic studies of Lu-177 labeled therapeutic drugs due to the ease of access provided by Ge-68/Ga-68 generators. An alternative method of production currently being explored uses accelerators to form Ga-68 directly. This review of Ga-68 production strategies discusses available accelerator targetry at a range of beam energies and intensities, the many radiochemical separation techniques available to isolate Ga-68 from irradiated targets, isotopically enriched target material recovery, and the implications of these techniques for downstream radiolabeling applications.

Aim. To study two-year survival and factors affecting it in patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) with prior coronary artery disease (CAD).Material and methods. The outpatient stage of the REGION-M registry included 684 patients assigned to the Moscow City Polyclinic № 64, discharged from the F.I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital in the period from January 1, 2012 to April 30, 2017 with a verified diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Of these, 423 (61,8%) patients had a diagnosis of CAD in the outpatient records.Results. Patients with CAD were significantly older, more often had comorbidities, disability, and were monitored in the polyclinic before the stroke and after hospital discharge than patients without CAD. During the follow-up period, mortality among patients with CAD (34,3%) was significantly higher than without CAD (19,9%) (p< 0,01), At the same time, mortality in CAD was 2,6 times lower among patients who applied to the polyclinic at least once after discharge (28%) than those who never applied after discharge — 72,9% (p< 0,001), Multivariate analysis confirmed this positive effect (relative risk, 0,998; confidence interval: 0,983-0,992, p< 0,0001).Conclusion. Mortality in patients with stroke and CAD was significantly higher than in those without CAD, while it was significantly lower among patients monitored in the polyclinic in the post-hospital period of stroke.

Aim. To study the two-year survival rate of patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in different age groups.Material and methods. The outpatient part of the REGION-M registry included 684 patients assigned to the City Polyclinic № 64 in Moscow, discharged from the F. I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital (Moscow) in the period from January 1, 2012 to April 30, 2017 with a confirmed diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack. All patients were divided into 5 age groups: group 1 — from 18 to 50 years old (n=72 (10,5%)), group 2 — from 51 to 60 years old (n=122 (17,8%)), group 3 — from 61 to 70 years old (n=156 (22,8%)), group 4 — from 71 to 80 years old (n=185 (27,0%)) and group 5 — 81 years and above (n=149 (21,8%)). Patient survival was assessed after 2 years of follow-up.Results. The mortality rate of patients during the follow-up period significantly increased with age as follows: in patients of 18-50 years old — 4%, 51-60 years old — 9,8%, 61-70 years old — 23,7%, 71-80 years old — 34%, 81-100 years old — 55% (p<0,0001). The relative death risk was 2,3 in group 2 (NA), 6,8 in group 3 (p<0,001), 9,8 in group 4 (p<0,0001) and 18,5 in group 5 (p<0,0001) compared with group 1. With increasing age in the study cohort, the proportion of women increased as follows: from 47,2% in group 1 to 77,9% in group 5 (p<0,0001). However, mortality among men and women in the groups did not differ. Patients in older age groups were more likely to have comorbidities and disability before the CVA. With increasing age, ischemic stroke was significantly more common and transient ischemic attack was less common (p<0,001).Conclusion. Mortality of patients who underwent stroke was significantly higher in older age groups and did not differ among men and women.

Aim. To assess the quality of medication treatment in the polyclinic within 2 years after discharge, depending on presence/absence of diarecommended for patients with stroke before its development and betes.Material and methods. The study included 684 patients assigned to the City Polyclinic № 64 (Moscow), discharged from F.I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital (Moscow) for a period from January 1, 2012 to April 30, 2017 with a diagnosis of stroke/transient ischemic attack, of which 122 were diagnosed with diabetes.Results. Before stroke, therapy was recommended for 67,3% of patients with diabetes and 54,7% without diabetes (p<0,01): statins — 15,5 and 14,4%, antiplatelet agents — 32,7 and 25,5%, angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) — 41,4 and 37,9%, beta-blockers (BBs) — 9,1% and 7,8%, respectively. For the first 6 months after stroke, the rate of statin therapy increased to 39,6 and 39,2%, antiplatelet drugs — to 62,6 and 51,9%, ACE inhibitors/ARBs — to 68,2 and 66%, BBs — to 51,6 and 37,2%, respectively. Then, after 6 months it decreased again to 28,8 and 27,1% for statins, to 30,7 and 35,2% for antiplatelet agents, to 43,3 and 42,6% for ACE inhibitors/ARBs and remained the same for BBs, respectively. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of prescribing most drugs to patients with and without diabetes, both before and after stroke, with the exception of hypoglycemic medications.Conclusion. The therapy of patients with previous stroke, both with and without diabetes, recommended in the polyclinic, is characterized by an insufficient prescription rate of main drug classes necessary for secondary cardiovascular prevention at all follow-up stages.