At present all the necessary information has been accumulated on current topic, and our findings confirm once again the opinions of many scientists about the positive effect of protective forest strips on the wind-resistance, snow accumulation, humidity dynamics, and infestation of crops. The article presents research data concerning the ameliorative role of protective forest strips on the crops productivity evidence from winter wheat. Remoteness from a protective forest strip substantially affected the accumulation of productive moisture by the time of winter wheat sowing. In this regard, we determined the content of productive moisture in the soil for all experimental plots. Besides, soil moisture formation strongly depended on snow accumulation. Thus, moving away from the protective forest strip resulted in decrease of the snow cover depth. At a distance of 10-20H from the protective forest strip, the snow cover depth was 25-30 cm decreasing to 5-10 cm with further increase in the distance. The overall influencing distance of protective forest strips varies from 0 to 30Í. The same trend was maintained with regard to the formation of moisture content. Impact on weediness was manifested in such a way that the smallest amount of weeds was observed at a distance of 0-10H. When moving away from the protective forest strip, the amount of weeds grew, as well as species composition, and further (30-40H) the amount of weeds per square meter decreased. The maximum wheat yield (3.86 t/ha) was obtained at a distance of 10-20H from the protective forest strip.
The main objectives of irrigated agriculture are: obtaining the greatest amount of quality products and the preservation of soil fertility. In this case, irrigated crop rotation is one of the factors for the reproduction of soil fertility, favourable phytosanitary conditions in crops and soil protection from erosion. The potential number of lucerne mowing is determined by the thermal resources of the area, and the actual is closely related to the conditions of optimum soil moisture. In the first year 2–4 mowing of lucerne can already be obtained in various areas of the country, over the next two-three years – 4-7 mowing, or 6–10 tons of hay per hectare in the first year and 120–225 centres in the next. Considering the reduction areas of irrigated and drained lands, it becomes relevant to the competent use of the available reclaimed land. The article presents scientifically-based lucerne irrigation regimes that meet the requirements of a plant in water at the lowest cost per unit of production, provides estimated water consumption data and suggests an economical water consumption for obtaining lucerne yield. Considering the irrigation regime of lucerne, the irrigation rate is significant. Since lucerne is a crop with a deeply penetrating root system, watering should be carried out with moistening of the entire root zone. The required amount of water per irrigation depends on the depth of the root system and the water holding capacity of the soil. The study of whether it is possible to obtain the desired effect with smaller irrigation rates is dictated by the increased capabilities of irrigation technology and these issues are presented in the scientific article. The article gives conclusions about the effect of various irrigation regimes on the formation of lucerne yields for hay.
Улучшение водного режима почв, стабилизация экологомелиоративного состояния агроландшафтов могут быть достигнуты за счёт применения агромелиорации, основанной на биологизированных влагосберегающих технологических системах для аридной и субаридной зон. Полезащитные лесные полосы, оказывая определенное влияние на экологию полей, тем самым воздействуют на рост и увеличение урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур, которые являются основным критерием оценки их мелиоративнохозяйственной роли.Полезащитные лесные полосы задерживают скорость ветра, тем самым снижают негативное влияние суховеев, пыльных бурь, предотвращают вымерзание озимых культур, способствуют созданию микроклимата в системе лесополос, снегонакоплению и сохранению продуктивной влаги, а следовательно, сохраняют плодородие почвы.Приведены результаты изучения роли полезащитных лесных насаждений в формировании урожая озимой пшеницы на сельхозугодьях Ипатовского района. Установлено влияние удаленности лесной полосы не только на рост и развитие озимой пшеницы, но и на изменение количественного состава сорных растений в пшеничном магроценозе. Затронуты вопросы формирования урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур в зависимости от отдалённости лесной полосы, а также влияния лесной полосы на водный режим и засоренность.Ключевые слова: лесная полоса, водопотребление, режим влажности, микроклимат.
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