The article presents the results of experiments to study the reaction of winter soft wheat of the Nemchinovskaya 17 variety to growth regulators with retardant properties. It was found that the use of growth regulators at the end of the tillering-exit phase into the tube reduced the height of plants by an average of 0.115 m compared to the control without treatment, where the height of plants was on average 0.813 m. According to the results of observations, a differentiated reaction of the tested winter wheat to lodging was established when using the studied growth regulators. In plants treated with Reggi and Messidor growth regulators, lodging was not observed and ranged from 4.4 to 5 points of lodging on the control without treatment – 3 points. The tested plant growth regulators have a significant impact on the yield of winter wheat of the studied variety and the formation of its structural elements. The increase in yield according to the variants of the experiment was about 4.1-6.1 t/ha depending on the type of drug. The highest yield increases were obtained with the use of Reggi at a dose of 1.5 l/ha.
At present all the necessary information has been accumulated on current topic, and our findings confirm once again the opinions of many scientists about the positive effect of protective forest strips on the wind-resistance, snow accumulation, humidity dynamics, and infestation of crops. The article presents research data concerning the ameliorative role of protective forest strips on the crops productivity evidence from winter wheat. Remoteness from a protective forest strip substantially affected the accumulation of productive moisture by the time of winter wheat sowing. In this regard, we determined the content of productive moisture in the soil for all experimental plots. Besides, soil moisture formation strongly depended on snow accumulation. Thus, moving away from the protective forest strip resulted in decrease of the snow cover depth. At a distance of 10-20H from the protective forest strip, the snow cover depth was 25-30 cm decreasing to 5-10 cm with further increase in the distance. The overall influencing distance of protective forest strips varies from 0 to 30Í. The same trend was maintained with regard to the formation of moisture content. Impact on weediness was manifested in such a way that the smallest amount of weeds was observed at a distance of 0-10H. When moving away from the protective forest strip, the amount of weeds grew, as well as species composition, and further (30-40H) the amount of weeds per square meter decreased. The maximum wheat yield (3.86 t/ha) was obtained at a distance of 10-20H from the protective forest strip.
In the experiment, four varieties of winter wheat (Don 93 – standard, Krasa of Don, Lilit, Kapitan) and four levels of mineral nutrition (1. Ammophos 60 kg/ha when sowing; 2. Ammophos 60 kg/ha when sowing, Polydon Biouniversal 0.5 l/ha in the tillering phase, Polydon Biouniversal 0.5 l/ha in the earing phase; 3. Ammophos 60 kg/ha when sowing, spring tillering ammonium nitrate 130 kg/ha, Polydon Biouniversal 0.5 l/ha in the tillering phase, Polydon Biouniversal 0.5 l/ha in the earing phase; 4. Ammophos 60 kg/ha during sowing, spring tillering ammonium nitrate 130 kg/ha) were considered. According to the level of mineral nutrition, the lowest biological yield was formed at the first level of nutrition. At the third level of nutrition, the largest biological yield was formed. On average, for three years of research, it was in the Don-93 variety by 0.54 t/ha more than at the first level, in the Kapitan variety by 0.66 t/ha more than at the first level, in the Krasa of Don variety by 0.81 t/ha more than at the first level and in the Lilit variety by 0.89 t/ha more than at the first level.
The exclusion of mechanical tillage leads to the concentration of seeds on the surface under plant residues and in the upper soil layer. In the period of full ripeness of pre-crops, before their harvesting, the potential of weed seeds in the 0-5 cm layer after winter rape is 36. 9 % lower than after corn for grain and 44.3 % compared to sunflower. A longer post-harvest period after winter rape helps clear the top layer of the soil from weed seeds to sowing winter wheat by 30.8 %. The lack of a time interval from harvesting of sunflower and corn before sowing of winter wheat leads to the accumulation of weed seeds in the 0-5 cm layer.At this time the culture is marked by negative dynamics of infestation of the top layer. This process takes place more intensively after winter rape and is 47.2 %. With deepening in the soil to 10 cm, the number of weed seeds is reduced. Use of no-tillage technology changes the formation of agrophytocenosis of winter wheat. After the predecessor of winter rape in the tillering phase, the number of weeds is reduced by 34.1 % compared to sunflower and by 47.1 %-to corn. Different efficiency of pre-crops in the reduction of weed populations can be traced in the future during the growing season of winter wheat. In the period ofwinter wheat earing, the contamination of crops is significantly reduced for all pre-crops.But it is not only the result of chemical weeding carried out in the tillering phase, but also real competition of the culture itself, as there is an increase in its vegetative mass. Weeds in this period have a small mass, little different in pre-crops, located in the range from 9.3 to 12.2 g. m-2. To the full ripeness of winter wheat, the contamination of crops increases and this is due to the "clarification" of crops, when the culture no longer competes with weeds. During this period, the pattern established bythe pre-crops in the previous phase remains.
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