Улучшение водного режима почв, стабилизация экологомелиоративного состояния агроландшафтов могут быть достигнуты за счёт применения агромелиорации, основанной на биологизированных влагосберегающих технологических системах для аридной и субаридной зон. Полезащитные лесные полосы, оказывая определенное влияние на экологию полей, тем самым воздействуют на рост и увеличение урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур, которые являются основным критерием оценки их мелиоративнохозяйственной роли.Полезащитные лесные полосы задерживают скорость ветра, тем самым снижают негативное влияние суховеев, пыльных бурь, предотвращают вымерзание озимых культур, способствуют созданию микроклимата в системе лесополос, снегонакоплению и сохранению продуктивной влаги, а следовательно, сохраняют плодородие почвы.Приведены результаты изучения роли полезащитных лесных насаждений в формировании урожая озимой пшеницы на сельхозугодьях Ипатовского района. Установлено влияние удаленности лесной полосы не только на рост и развитие озимой пшеницы, но и на изменение количественного состава сорных растений в пшеничном магроценозе. Затронуты вопросы формирования урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур в зависимости от отдалённости лесной полосы, а также влияния лесной полосы на водный режим и засоренность.Ключевые слова: лесная полоса, водопотребление, режим влажности, микроклимат.
Creation of a system that ensures stable and complete feeding of farm animals is important for an effective development of animal husbandry in Stavropol Territory. Science established and practice confirmed that to organize healthy functioning of animals and their high productivity, it is necessary to have at least 105-110 g of digestible protein per feed unit. However, due to the current use of feed mainly consisting of cereals, there is a deficiency of protein, which is balanced by fodder grains. The lack of protein and its quality in feed has an extremely negative effect on the health of animals, reduces their productivity, impairs reproduction, disrupts metabolism and leads to overspending of feed, and, consequently, to an increase in the cost of livestock products. For the effective use of saline soils, which in the Stavropol Territory account for 24.8% of the total area, it is necessary to select field crops that give high yields of fodder rich in digestible protein, as well as to improve the structure of saline soils by enriching them with ecologically clean nitrogen that does not cause acidification. The legume crop of yellow melilot can become such a crop. Solving the problem of organic farming, it is necessary to expand the assortment of yellow melilot to create a solid fodder base, to use it as the best forecrop and break crop in grain crop rotations. Therefore, the study of some collection material of yellow melilot on leached black soils and the selection of promising samples is relevant for further selection work to create new varieties. A study of the seed material samples of yellow melilot from the VIR collection of different geographical origins was carried out according to the presence of hard seeds; samples with low and high content of them were established. The sowing qualities of yellow melilot collection samples were studied in laboratory conditions. The growth dynamics of the yellow melilot samples was studied, and decades of the maximum daily growth of yellow melilot were established. A high yield of yellow melilot samples in the first and second year of life was shown. The quantitative composition of main nutrients in the fodder mass of the yellow melilot samples of different geographical origins was established. For the conditions of the Stavropol Territory, it is necessary to select samples with economically valuable biological characteristics that can provide high rates of linear growth of green mass before the onset of summer drought.
The article presents the results of studies on the biological characteristics and productivity of new promising varieties of different ripeness groups, Armavir experimental station selection - a branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution “Federal scientific center “V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil crops”. The studies were carried out in an unstable moisture zone on the basis of the experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University; the soils of the experimental plot are leached chernozem. On average, over three years of research, it was found that the highest yield in the group of quickly ripening varieties was obtained by Parus variety - 1.73 t/ha, which was 0.43 t/ha more than the standard Bara variety. In the group of early ripening varieties, the highest yield was obtained by the standard Duar variety - 1.58 t/ha. The mid-ripening Zara variety showed a maximum yield of 1.84 t/ha among the studied varieties, exceeding the standard Vilana variety by 0.19 t/ha. The highest protein content in soybean grain was noted in the Vilana variety - 43.2%, and the vegetable oil in the Vestochka variety -24%.
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