The aim of the work is elaboration of the principally new cryogenic method of deep processing of inulin-containing vegetables (topinambour) using cryogenic “shock” freezing and fine-dispersed comminution and getting of it nanopowders (prebiotics).
There was elaborated principally new cryogenic method of deep processing of topinambour for getting nanopowders – prebiotics. This method differs from traditional ones by the full exclusion of thermal processing of the raw material. Method is based on the use of complex effect of cryogenic “shock” freezing on the raw material using liquid nitrogen, fine-dispersed comminution and sublimation drying. It allows not only preserve biological potential of vegetables but also reveal it more fully and extract the hidden (associated) forms of the low molecular biologically active substances and polymers and transform them into soluble, easily assimilated nanoform.
It was established, that cryogenic method allows more fully extract the low molecular biologically active substances from the state associated with biopolymers in nanocomplexes into free one (1,8…2,3 times more than in initial raw material). There was revealed mechanism of process, connected with cryomechanodestruction, non-enzymatic catalysis and mechanocrаcking.
It was revealed, that cryogenic methods allows more fully extract heteropulysaccharides – pectin substances, cellulose and proteins from the form associated in nanocomplexes with other biopolymers (1,3…3 times more).
It was established, that cryogenic method of topinambour processing allows partially (by 45…55 %) destruct the difficultly soluble biopolymers such as inulin, pectin substances, cellulose and proteins to their separate monomers in soluble nanoform. There were also revealed conformational changes of molecules of topinambour proteins. It was demonstrated, that form changes and the protein molecule, size of its kernel, coat and ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids remains decrease.
It was demonstrated, that topinambour nanopowders outgo the known analogues of traditional topinambour powders by chemical and disperse composition. It was established that their assimilability is 3 times higher than in traditional ones.
Кандидат технічних наук, професор, Заслужений працівник освіти України Кафедра технології консервування Національний університет харчових технологій вул. Володимирська,
This paper reports the design of nanotechnology for processing chickpea into protein plant additives in the form of finely-dispersed pastes and nanopowders, based on the use of a deep processing method. A comprehensive effect exerted on the raw materials by the steam-thermal treatment and fine grinding using the modern equipment at restaurant enterprises has proven to be a real innovation. The technology involves the processes of steam-and mechanodestruction of most of the biopolymers in chickpea (proteins, starch, cellulose, pectin) to individual monomers (40...70 %), which are in the nanoscale easily-digestible form. The proposed method of deep processing makes it possible to better utilize the biological potential of raw materials. The resulting protein supplements made from chickpea in combination with fruit and vegetable additives (from carrot, pumpkin, apple, lemon with zest, garlic, celery and ginger roots) were used as formulation components in the development of a new generation of confectionery products that promote the strengthening of immunity. We have devised waffle confectionery products, sponge cakes, dry waffle breakfasts, salted fillings for the confectionery products "PanCake", etc. Confectionery of the new generation differs from the conventional one by the absence or insignificant amount of sugar, low content of fat (to 5 %), high content of complete protein (13...20 %). In addition, 100 g of products can meet the daily need for BAS (β-carotene, phenolic compounds) and 0.5 daily need for vitamin C. The resulting food products are natural and do not contain harmful food impurities
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