Population growth, socio-cultural and economic changes as well as technological progress have an immediate impact on the environment and human health in particular. Our steadily rising needs of resources increase the pressure on the environment and narrow down untainted habitats for plants and wild animals. Balance and resilience of ecosystems are further threatened by climate change, as temperature and seasonal shifts increase the pressure for all species to find successful survival strategies. Arctic and subarctic regions are especially vulnerable to climate change, as thawing of permafrost significantly transforms soil structures, vegetation and habitats. With rising temperature, the risk of zoonotic diseases in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has also increased. As vegetation periods prolong and habitats broaden, zoonotic pathogens and their vectors find more favourable living conditions. Moreover, permafrost degradation may expose historic burial grounds and allow for reviving the vectors of deadly infections from the past. To assess the current state of knowledge and emerging risks in the light of the "One Health" concept, a German-Russian Symposium took place on 13 August 2018 in Yakutsk, Russian Federation. This symposium report presents the main findings generated from presentations and discussions.
Bastnäsite [REE(CO 3 )F] is the main mineral of REE ore deposits in carbonatites. Synthetic bastnäsite-like compounds have been precipitated from aqueous solutions by many different methods but previous attempts to model magmatic crystallization of bastnäsite from hydrous calciocarbonatite melts were unsuccessful. Here we present the first experimental evidence that bastnäsite and two other REE carbonates, burbankite and lukechangite, can crystallize from carbonatite melt in the synthetic system La(CO 3 )F -CaCO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 at temperatures between 580 and 850 °C and pressure 100 MPa. The experiments on starting mixtures of reagent-grade CaCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , La 2 (CO 3 ) 3 and LaF 3 were carried out in cold-seal rapid-quench pressure vessels. The studied system is an isobaric pseudoternary join of a quinary system where CO 2 and fluorides act as independent components. Liquidus phases in the run products are calcite, nyerereite, Na carbonate, bastnäsite, burbankite solid solution (Na,Ca) 3 (Ca,La) 3 (CO 3 ) 5 and lukechangite Na 3 La 2 (CO 3 ) 4 F. Calcite and bastnäsite form a eutectic in the boundary join La(CO 3 )F -CaCO 3 at 780 ± 20 °C and 58 wt% La(CO 3 )F. Phase equilibria in the boundary join La(CO 3 )F -Na 2 CO 3 are complicated by peritectic reaction between Ca-free endmember of burbankite solid solution petersenite (Pet) and lukechangite (Luk) with liquid (L): Na 4 La 2 (CO 3 ) 5 (Pet) + NaF (L) = Na 3 La 2 (CO 3 ) 4 F (Luk) + Na 2 CO 3 (Nc)The righthand-side assemblage becomes stable below 600 ± 20 °C. In ternary mixtures, bastnäsite (Bst), burbankite (Bur) and calcite (Cc) are involved in another peritectic reaction: 2 La(CO 3 )F (Bst) + CaCO 3 (Cc) + 2 Na 2 CO 3 (L) = Na 2 CaLa 2 (CO 3 ) 5 (Bur) + 2 NaF (L) Burbankite in equilibrium with calcite replaces bastnäsite below 730 ± 20 °C. Stable solidus assemblages in the pseudoternary system are: basnäsite-burbankite-fluorite-calcite, basnäsiteburbankite-fluorite-lukechangite, bastnäsite-burbankite-lukechagite, burbankite-lukechangite-This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America.The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.
The article presents the results of studies of nutritional value and the degree of infection with parasitoses of Siberian vendace (Coregonus sardinella Vallenciennes, 1848) and Yakut crucian carp (Carassius carassius jacuticus Kirillov, 1972). By the amount of protein, the Siberian vendace is classified as medium-protein, in terms of fat content, it is especially fatty fish and of high calories. It has been established that a distinctive feature of the Yakut crucian carps compared to European ones is high fat content (up to 10 % versus 2.5 %), high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, macro- and microelements, vitamins, and have high energy value. The most common parasitic diseases of the crucian carp and vendace, affecting the quality and appearance of the fish, are myxosporidioses caused by Myxobolus, digramosis and phylometroidosis, the negative impact on the quality of which depends on the parasite infection intensity.
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